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Cadaveric Study of Incidence of Double Inferior Venacava in South India and its Clinical Relevance

Padmalatha K., Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, ESIC-Medical college & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560010, India. , Hema N.1 , Padmalatha K.1

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Indian Journal of Anatomy 6(4):p 434-438, Oct-Dec 2017. | DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.6417.3

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Abstract

Inferior venacava also known as posterior venacava,is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated  blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Double Inferior venacava is a congenital variation resulting from the persistence of the embryonic venous system. The embryogenesis of the inferior venacava [IVC] is a complex process involving the formation of several anastomoses between three paired embryonic veins. The percentage of incidence of dual inferior venacava is about 2.2–3%. The majority of cases are clinically silent and diagnosed in routine dissection studies, in retroperitoneal surgeries, incidentally on imaging for other reasons. Although venous variations are rare, their knowledge is crucial in diagnosis and treatment. Aims: The aim of the present study was to analyse the percentage of incidence of double inferior venacava and to identify its clinical relevance. Materials and Methods: Forty formalin fixed cadavers allotted to first year MBBS students for dissection in Rajarajeshwari Medical college and hospital, Bangalore and ESIC Medical college & PGIMSR, Bangalore were studied over a period of 10 years for the double inferior venacava. Results: We came across the presence of double inferior venacava in one out of forty specimens, where in Right IVC was formed by right external iliac vein and right internal iliac vein at the level of fifth lumbar vertebra. The right IVC received the right gonadal vein, right renal vein and the right suprarenal vein [ Figure 2]. The left IVC was formed by the left internal iliac vein and the left external iliac vein at the level of fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusion: The variations of IVC should be recognized by radiologists and surgeons in order to avoid mistakes during imaging of the area or surgeries and in case of venous thromboembolic disease. These variations should not be mistaken for pathologic findings, but should be viewed as normal findings of abnormal embryogenesis.

Keywords: Inferior Venacava (IVC); Double Inferior Venacava; Venous Variation; Embryonic Venous System; Embryogenesis; Retroperitoneal Surgeries. 

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DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.6417.3

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