Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry

The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a novel, simple, new, fast, sensitive, precise and accurate RP-HPLC analytical methods have been established for the estimation of cefotaxime sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present method was developed and validated on a Waters HPLC system using Phenomenex make Shimadzu C18 column (250mm × 4.6mm i.d., 5μm particle size) column was used for the separation. Best results were obtained with the mobile phase composition consisting of Acetonitrile water (70:30, v/v). The system was regulated at 1.0 ml/min flow rate at 233nm UV detection. Cefotaxime sodium was eluted at 2.622 min retention time. The analytical parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness, and robustness were used for validating the developed method according to ICH guidelines. Linearity was exhibited over the concentration range of 0.01-0.07µg/ml and the Limit of Detection and Quantitation values for cefotaxime sodium were 1.8ng/ml and 5.8ng/ml respectively. The result of analysis shows that the amount of drugs present in the formulation has a very good correlation with the label claim of the formulation and % RSD will be less than 2 for all the validation parameters. Recoveries studies revealed that results within the specified limits. The developed methods were validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines. Hence the proposed method was found to be satisfactory and could be used for the routine analysis of cefotaxime sodium in their marketed formulation.

Pain is composite distressing sensory experiences that include several elements like time, space, intensity, emotion, perception and motivation. Analgesics are the Pharmacological agents; acts selectively for relieve pain by acting on the central nervous system or peripheral pain biochemical interactions without causing more effect on consciousness. Analgesics may come under narcotic or non-narcotic category. The evolutionary study of pain on animals arises ethical, philosophical and technical problems. Philosophically, theproblem of study the pain on animals is that pain cannot be observed directly in animals but can only be accessed by measuring the animal responses to nociceptive stimuli. The perceive reactions are always motor responses varyingfrom spinal reflexes to complex behavior. The animal models hired for screening of analgesic agents, include Pain state models depends thermal stimuli, mechanical stimuli, electrical stimuli and chemical stimuli as mean of accessing. The neuronal basis of most of the above laboratory models can’t deeply explained, however their usage is profitable in predicting analgesic activity of newly discovered chemical agents.

Checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), PD-1 (programmed death)1 on lymphocytes and PD-L1 (programmed death ligand)1 on tumors cells are novel and promising treatment options for different types of cancer. But these agents are double edged swords, they undoubtedly robust the anti-tumor response but also throttle up the normal immunologic homeostasis. Autoimmune adverse reactions are very common with checkpoint inhibitors. We present a case of bullous pemphigoid, as an adverse reactions to Avelumab treated urinary bladder cancer with liver metastasis.