Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry

The mechanism of drug delivery has develops more competing and developed swiftly. Cost effective with increased efficacy have been integrated by various drug delivery arrangements. In spite of these technologies, the drug delivery systems lack to accomplish the requisite systemic circulation in control manner like Peptides and proteins. Conventional topical formulations have also many problems, such as establishment of active ingredient intense layer resulting irritation and allergic reactions etc. So predetermined delivery charge of active compound to target site develops into drug industry’s principal challenges. This review article focuses on the Novel approaches of product formulation like microsponge automation which entrap ingredient o, that to increase elegance and improved formulation elasticity and reduces its side effect. In extension, many studies share for microsponge systems as non- irritant, non-toxic prevents rapid and enormous growth of components inside the epidermis and the dermis. Thus Microsponges bear ynamic constituent having capably of least dose, with improved stability and modified drug discharge.

Keywords: Drug; Enhanced; Epidermis; Microsponge; Stability; Topical. 

Objective: This study was performed to assess and establish prevalence of polypharmacy in geriatric population, to identify adverse drug reactions due to polypharmacy and to investigate whether polypharmacy is an indicator for occurrence of unnecessary drug therapy.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the General Medicine department of a tertiary care hospital, demographic data, medical and medication history were collected from patient’s case sheets. Then collected information was analysed according to their age, gender and therapeutic category. Beers criteria is used to identify potentially inappropriate medications and Causality assessment of all Adverse drug reactions was done by using Naranjo ADR scale. Unnecessary drug therapy classified into No medical indication, No drug therapy was more recommended and duplicate therapy. Basic statistic tools were used to analysis the data with help of Graph Pad Prism software, values were expressed as actual numbers and percentage.

Results: Our study results showed that out of 100 patients included in the study, 66% of them were females and 34% were males and 30% of the patients received more than ten drugs. Distribution of drugs associated with unnecessary drug therapy-belong to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular system and respiratory system accounting for 64% of total medication Most common adverse drug reactions are confusion, constipation, palpitations, tremors and abdominal pain. Drug classes most commonly implicated in adverse drug reactions are sedatives, anticholinergic, opioids, antihypertensive drugs and respiratory system drugs Potentially harmful drugs recognised in this study according to Beers criteria are Amiptrytiline, dicyclomine, Danazol, Nandrolone and Aceclofenac.

Conclusion: As polypharmacy increases the risk of ADRs and inappropriate medication use in elderly, efforts should be made to improve the prescribing practices and health care professionals should be aware of the risks and fully evaluate all medications at each patient visit to prevent polypharmacy from occurring. 

Keywords: Polypharmacy; Beers Criteria; Adverse Drug Reactions; Unnecessary Drug Therapy.

 

The new dithio carbamate derivatives, 2- (naphthalen-8-ylcarbamoyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl diethylcarbamodithioate (IIIa) and 2- (naphthalen-8-ylcarbamoyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethyl diethylcarbamodithioate (IIIa) were synthesized from 1-naphylamine chalchone. The new molecules were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis data. The synthesized analogues ere evaluated for anti-mitotic activity by Bengal gram seed germination model showed strong to moderate activities compared with control. Both the molecules showed good inhibition.

Keywords: Dithiocarbamates; 1-Naphthalamine; Antimitotic Activity.

Objective: To investigate Antihypertensive efficacy of Carvedilol and its influence on blood glucose and lipid profile in patients of stage 1 hypertension.

Materials and Methods: Total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study, randomly allocated into two groups, group A and group B with 30 patients, group A received Metoprolol 25mg  twice daily and group B received Carvedilol 12.5mg twice daily, reduction in blood pressure compared at 12 and 24weeks, effect on fasting blood glucose and lipid profile compared at 24th week, Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired t test and data is presented as mean±SD.

Results: Mean SBP reduction with Carvedilol is 23±6.16 mmHg with no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to Metoprolol group (20.13±5.73), Mean DBP reduction with Carvedilol is 9.93±1.349 with no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to Metoprolol group (8.87±2.148) at 24th week of the study. Metoprolol showed a significant (p<0.05) elevation on Fasting blood sugar, Serum total cholesterol,LDL,VLDL and serum triglycerides, when compared with Carvedilol at the end of the study.

Conclusion: Result of the study shows that Carvedilol and Metoprolol are equally effective in reduction of blood pressure and Carvedilol has added advantage in less elevation of fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and serum triglycerides and which is an advantage to the hypertensive patients with lipid disorder and impaired glucose tolerance. 

Keywords: Carvedilol; Metoprolol; Lipid Profile; Hypertension; Fasting Blood Glucose.