Journal of Global Public Health

The COVID-19 Pandemic has brought about unprecedented challenges in the management of patients. The increased number of COVID cases compelled the diversion of manpower and infrastructure into the management of COVID patients. The burns patients were a subset of patients who were still given priority even during the pandemic. Like any other specialty Burns units also needed to adapt themselves during this pandemic time in the management of burns, with special care of resources and to prevent transmission of the virus to the healthcare providers as well as to the patients. Among burn patients, electrical burns, in particular, needs to be managed aggressively due to the nature of their pathophysiology. In this article, we share our experience in managing a patient who was detected to be COVID-19 Positive.

Labour pain is one of the most intense hurts a woman can experience in her life, leading to an increase in anxiety and tension. Massage therapy has been shown to be effective for relaxing. A good understanding of the labour and delivery process can give you a sense of emotional well being and confidence, which will help you have a successful labour. Increased anxiety during labour increases pain perception, lengthens labour, and increases catecholamine secretion, which lowers uterine blood flow. This reduces uterine contractions and extends labour time.

Higher Education department will implement a cluster system in nine autonomous degree colleges in Hyderabad. To start with, the system will be taken up for the second year degree students in identified colleges. Cluster system will facilitate mobility of students and faculty from one institution to another. For instance, a bachelor of arts in history, economics and political science student of one institution can pursue a psychology or mass communication course offered by another institution or vice-versa. The Telangana State Higher Education is all set to embrace the provisions of the New Education Policy 2020 (NEC-2020) mooting series of reforms. To begin with, the Telangana State Council of Higher Education (TSCHE) has decided to study implementing the cluster universities model. The TSCHE officials said that the model brings six conventional state universities together. In turn, the universities which have expertise will extend their cooperation to other universities within the cluster on how to improve standards in the sister university in the cluster. Further, both will exchange resources, faculty, research and development. Besides, students can also choose subjects from different universities within the cluster, leading to a credit transfer among the universities within the cluster. A similar model is being studied to implement the cluster of colleges which will exchange the expertise and use their existing infrastructure with each other. For implementing this model, the University Grants Commission (UGC) provide matching grants. This would help in the liberalization of the study areas for the students not only to pursue courses from across different schools within the universities in an interdisciplinary mode but also, to study some other university or college and earn credits for the same.

Climate change: The trophosphere layer is (approximately 15 km) very shortest length between the surface of Earth and to the next layer of stratosphere (50 km) is very important for life of livings. The World populations reached approximately 8 billions and 9 millions without including animal’s statistics. All of them required quality air for breath, portable water and fertile soil for cultivation of food sources. The trophosphere layer is highly polluted with increased anthropogenic activities for 100 of years, the next layer of stratosphere where the ozone layer formed to protect us from ultra violet rays, which the layer is penetrated by high toxic chemical pollutants is the reason to enter the ultra violet rays to trophosphere atmosphere of Earth. The clouds cause rains where the toxic harmful chemicals and gases are concentrated it falls as rain drops and it reaches soil and surface water sources, then it reaches ground water as well. Due to the climate change the temperature is globally changing either it is too hot or extreme cold and always fluctuating weather unable to predict the seasons of winter, spring, summer and monsoon. The temperature raises or it reaches extreme cold for oceans, Antartic glaciers is melting and raising sea level and invading land spaces. The climate policy initiatives aimed at maintaining global average temperatures 1.5OC and reaching zero emissions by 2050. Global warming: The Earth has a natural Green House Effect (GHE) due to trace amounts of water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere.In the absence of the natural greenhouse effect the surface of the Earth would be approximately 33°C cooler. The enhanced greenhouse effect refers to the additional radiative forcing resulting from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases induced by human activities. The main greenhouse gases whose concentrations are raising carbon dioxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone in the lower atmosphere. The major green house gases stay in the atmosphere for tens to hundreds of years after being released, their warming effects on the climate persists over a long time and it affects present and future generations. A green house gas emissions from human activities increase, they build up in the atmosphere, on land and in the oceans. E1 Nino is the warming of sea waters in the central-east Equatorial Pacific that occurs every few years. La Nina is the more cooler of sea waters than average temperature in the east Equatorial Pacific region. The neutral state between E1 Nina and La Nino this antithetical effects is called the E1 Nino Southern Oscillation. The Air Quality Index. Purity of air is assessed in atmosphere by AQI – it ranges from 0- 301+. The good index level is 0-50 (Green). Moderate level is 51-100 and unhealthy is 151-200. Very unhealthy is 201-300 and above 300 + is hazardous category. New Delhi already reached above 300 and few states are unhealthy to hazardous category in India. Life Style Changes & Innovative Choices: Recognizes that small individual actions can change the planet’s favor than framing the climate change in broader aspect, it is directed a life style changes or right choices and selected by the innovative choices to reduce the further worsening of health of people. The Government recommended activities are, each can consume vegetarian food (the less wastage), Alternate of using individual car and bike and to focus public transports of buses and trains, e-vehicles for the reduction of emissions. Cultivating paddy other than different choices of yield for economically equal to farmers of the states of Punjab, Haryana to prevent stubble burning land for thousands of acres at the same time line. It needs good collaboration with farmers and Government to work together to plan yield cultivation in different demographic lands at a time. Government Regulatories & Policy Making: It is ineffective and failure of laws and regulations to monitor and control measures. It is emergency need to revise the rules and mandatory to create new Indian penal code section of penalty and imprisonment of violating the act. The policy alone not going to change the people attitudes and made them to understand the real facts is important. Change is not easy, it takes time, but really we don’t have time for gradual progress to implement step by step procedure of initiation of pollution control by Government. Conclusion: It need revolutionary changes to contribute each one from society, follow the right behaviors and immediate behavior of life style changes. Government of India made goals and objectives of quality air atmosphere but it is not reach every citizen of India. Each member of universe can realize the seriousness of the issue and follow the right behaviors and actions to control further worsening of polluted atmosphere on Earth and humans need to follow the right choices for healthier life. Recommendations: on Behavior of Life style changes & Innovative choices, 1. Emission free environment, 2. Quality air atmosphere for healthy life, 3. Value based traditional practices, 4. Deforestation, 5. Policy making plan & Implementation process.

Burn injuries can present in multiple ways and in a diverse patient population. Its severity is not only determined by the nature of burn injury or the extent of the injury but also by several patient factors. Mortality in burn injury used to be very unpredictable but now there are various means of predicting morbidity and mortality in a burns patient. The abbreviated burns severity index (ABSI) score is one of such recent tools formulated to aid in predicting outcome in burns patient. In this case study we evaluate the role of Abbreviated Burns Severity Index (ABSI) score in predicting mortality outcome in a patient with thermal burns.

Electric burns causes severe morbidity an and is a common problem in our country despite the advancement in safety. Electric burns extend from mild blistering upto deep burns with extensive charring of tissues. Electric burns wound is known to cause difficulty in wound healing as there can be extensive necrosis and thrombosis of the vessels. Wound bed preparation may be needed in such difficult to heal wounds. Cost friendly alternatives to commercially available resources are essential in our population which can widen the acceptance of plastic surgery among the common people. In this study we have used the patient’s own blood for the preparation of platelet rich plasma using materials easily available in the hospital setup.

Numerous revision procedures such as surgical excision, intralesional steroid injection, cryotherapy, dermabrasion, soft tissue augmentation, chemical peeling and laser therapy are available for the correction of various types of scars. Erbium:YAG lasers are successfully used to treat a variety of epidermal and dermal lesions, including rhytides, dyschromias, and certain types of scar. Recently we came across the usage of Erbium:YAG laser for the management of scar following the harvest of FTSG.