Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

Introduction: Multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm of low malignant potential is a rare histologically identified form of clear cell renal cell carcinoma included in 2016 Renal tumour classification of WHO. It is a low risk neoplasm with clear cells that have less expansile proliferation than other clear cell variants of renal cell carcinoma with no recurrence and metastasis with few exceptional cases. The incidence of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is estimated to be 1-2 percent.6,12 Although the WHO classification of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma with low malignant potential was reported in 2004. The WHO 2016 categorization of renal cell tumour has been assessed as a special entity with no documented cases of metastasizing and recurrent tumour development. We present a rare clinical case of multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm with low malignant potential, which should not be mistaken with other differential diagnoses such as cystic necrosis in conventional renal cell carcinoma, tubulo cystic renal cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic nephroma, clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma and other benign multilocular renal tumors.

Introduction: The paper aims to discuss the various issues/ problems that people face in day to day life. Using diverse scenarios ranging from mental health issues to common grafting procedures, the author here strives to link these issues to bioengineering and how they are being impacted by modern technology. Most methods and procedures discussed attempt to utilize day-to-day activities and ease of access. The paper has adopted rapid review method. For literature collection, Google scholar database has been used with a scope of specific keywords and time frame of 5 weeks to complete the study.

Introduction: The personal identification is reliable tool for both legal and societal motives in forensic discipline. The utmost conventional manner of identification of individuals is based on the fingerprints. The present study has been carried out on 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females of different age groups belonging to range from 18-55 years of Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat population to compare the differences in bilateral symmetry in dermatoglyphic patterns along with frequency distribution of patterns with reference to the geographical locations. The research recommends that there are significant differences in bilateral symmetry and fingerprint patterns between males and females within the two populations and significant differences are observed between the two populations. The predominant fingerprint pattern was Ulnar loop, followed by Whorl in both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat state. Moreover, it was observed that maximum inhabitants have 80% of Bilateral Symmetry in (40%) of the two populations followed by 100% (26%) of both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat populations.

Introduction: Background: Medicine is one of the noblest profession and the doctor plays an important role in treating the person and also at the same time has to carry out ethical and legal obligations while discharging his duties. The doctors along with treating the patients also come across medicolegal cases. Medicolegal case represents an integral part of medical practice in the emergency departments and causalities. All the doctors should have the sufficient knowledge of their roles and responsibilities while handling these cases to aid legal justice. A Medico legal case is a case of injury or illness where the attending doctor, after eliciting history and examining the patient, thinks that some investigation by law enforcement agencies is essential to establish and fix responsibility for the case in accordance with the law of the land. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted by the department of forensic medicine at Travancore medical college, Kollam from July 2019 to Dec 2019. A total of 562 cases were included in the study. A comprehensive history taken from the police, patient and the relatives and were recorded in the predesigned proforma and analyzed. Results: The maximum 325(57.8%) were in the age group of 21-40 years followed by 124 (22.1%) from the age group <20 years. The mean age of the patients was 38.32 (SD12.86) years. The most common type of accident were road traffic accidents which was seen in 247 cases (44%) followed by drunkenness in144 cases (25.6%) followed by assault and fallin 85 cases (15.1%) and 37 cases (6.6%). Majority of the victims 435 Cases (77.4%) were discharged from the hospital after treatment while 41 cases (7.3%) of the cases had absconded or took LAMA (Leave against medical advice). Death was reported in 82 cases (14.6%).

Introduction: Medico-legal cases are very crucial from legal point of view. Lots of controversies and conflicts are associated with such type of cases so there was need to analyze these cases. To fulfill this objective present study was conducted. Objectives: To analyze medico-legal cases referred to the hospital of ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra. Methodology: Retrospective study was done by assessing the MLC cases referred to A.C.P.M. Medical College during the period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Observations: In the year 2021 total 341 MLC cases were reported to the hospital of ACPM medical college. Out of these males were 276 (80.93%) & females were 65 (19.06%). Most commonly involved age group was 21-30 years (n= 108, 31.67%). Most commonly affected people were Hindu (n=303, 88.85%) which was followed by Buddhist (n=21, 6.15%). Maximum incidences occurred in rural region (n=266, 78%). Road traffic accident (n=205, 60.11%) comprised of the most of medico-legal cases, followed by fall (n=42, 12.31%) and assault (n=30, 8.79%). Maximum number of cases were noted in month of July (n=42, 12.31%) followed by October (n=40, 11.73%). When seasonal variation was considered, maximum incidences occurred during winter months of October to January (40.76%, n=139). Total 241 MLC cases (70.67%) were treated on OPD basis. Majority of MLC cases (n=269, 78.88%) were discharged after complete recovery. Conclusion: It was observed that majority of medico-legal cases were due to road traffic accidents. So burden of these cases can be reduced by minimizing road traffic accidents. In view of this, appropriate measures are required. Casualty Medical Officers should be trained to handle such MLC cases and consult with Department of Forensic Medicine for appropriate documentation of these cases.

Introduction: Commonest form of asphyxial death come across during autopsy in the country is Hanging. The present study was carried out to studying the pattern of fracture in hyoid bone and neck cartilage (thyroid cartilage and cricoids) in deaths due to hanging in the Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar. We found that death due to compression of ligature seen maximum in the age group of 21-30 years (36.9%), males are accounted for 43% as compared to 57% in females. Ligature material used was dupatta in 43.68% of cases. In hanging ligature mark was oblique, above thyroid cartilage, going backward and laterally. In the majority cases, the ligature mark was above the thyroid cartilage (88% cases), followed by at and above the thyroid cartilage (10% cases) and only in 1 case the ligature mark was below the thyroid cartilage. In maximum cases, the position of the knot was present at the occipital region of the neck (49% cases), followed by the left mastoid region (30% cases). In the majority of cases, the ligature mark was prominent and discontinuous. Hyoid fracture was found in only 8.05% cases. There was only 1 case with thyroidcartilage fracture and no case of cricoidcartilage fracture.

Introduction: Drowning deaths are very crucial from medico-legal point of view. When we consider drowning deaths, surprisingly rising trend is seen in this aspect. Now it has become a global problem and there is great concern about reduction in mortality rate due to drowning. In view of this, thereis an immense need to understand the factors associated with drowning deaths, so that preventive measures can be taken to minimize such a global problem. To fulfill above goal present study was undertaken to understand the trend of drowning related deaths.

This retrospective study was done by assessing theautopsy cases done in mortuary of SBHGM College during the period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021.

We found that 40 (76.92%) victims were male and 12 (23.07%) were female. Drowning deaths were most commonly seen in age groups of 21-30 years (25%). Married population constituted 35 (67.30%) cases and 16 (30.76%) were unmarried. Hindu community contributed to maximum number of cases with 51.92% cases. Students were the most common victims in drowning deaths accounting to 30.76% cases, followed by farmers i.e. 23.07% of cases. Maximum deaths occurred in month of September (21.15%) attributing to rainy season. Maximum drowning deaths occurred between 6 am to 12 pm (n=18, 34.61%) followed by 12 pm to 6 pm (n=15, 28.84%). Most of the drowned victims were retrieved from well (46.15%), followed by dam (13.46%), canal (13.46%). It was reported that most of the drowning deaths were accidental in manner (48.07%).

From this study, it is clear that drowning deaths occurred mostly in males of age group of 21-30 years. The married and Hindu population is largely involved. Profession-wise distribution clearly indicates that students and farmers are quite susceptible to drowning tragedy. Most of the drowning cases were accidental in nature followed by suicides and occurred commonly in wells in rural area and lakes in urban area.

Background: Koraput district is one of the largest forest districts of Odisha with a dominant tribal population. This study was done with an objective to assess the cause and manner of death along with the epidemiological profiling of medicolegal casesand was the first attempt to conduct an autopsybased study at this recently established Government medical College of Southern Odisha. Materials and Methods: A record based cross sectional study of total number of 1168 medicolegal autopsies was done conducted at SLN Government Medical College, Koraput during the period 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2021. Results: 72.43% of the cases were males with male to female ratio of 2.62:1 with 87.21% cases belong to rural population. Almost 50 percent of cases belonged to young adult age group (21-40 years). The cause of deaths in majority of the cases were due to road traffic accidents (416;35.62%) followed by poisoning cases (278;23.81%). Natural disease was observed in 114 cases (9.77%). Our study revealed that 53.51% of cases were accidental in manner with 27.22% were due to intentional self-harm. The most preferred method in suicide cases was due to poisoning (206; 64.77%) followed by hanging (64; 20.12%). Unnatural death due to suicidal poisoning was seen more in females (109; 52.9%) as compared to males whereas male preponderance was observed more in hanging (49;76.56%). Conclusion: This study could provide valuable insight to authorities for future multidimensional studies.