Indian Journal of Anatomy

The increase in the frequency of car accidents in the previous century was associated with significant increase in injuries to shoulder interference. Currently, new visualization research is available to evaluate nerve shoulders injuries. Myelography, CT myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indicated in the evaluation of the brachial plexus. Furthermore, a number of specialized electrodiagnostic and neuroconduction studies, in combination with clinical findings during the neurologic examination, can provide information about the location of the lesion, the severity of the injury, and the expected clinical outcome. Improvements in diagnostic approaches and microsurgical techniques have radically changed the prognosis and functional outcomes of these injuries.
 

The liver is the very important abdominal viscera in human body. The congenital abnormalities of human liver are rare, but rarely it may be found and mostly related with caudate lobe of liver. In our study an additional lobe was found positioned at inferolateral to the main caudate lobe (a rare anomaly accessory caudate lobe related with the caudate lobe is found). During routine dissection, a liver from a cadaver of an adult male was found to have an accessory caudate lobe. Which was present to the left & inferior to the main caudate lobe on posterior surface. It was completely separated from caudate lobe. Porta hepatis was present below and right to the main caudate lobe and the new lobe. These developmental anomalies of liver may cause confusion during procedures like biopsy, transplantation, and lobectomies. This knowledge may be of immense use to clinicians for the diagnosis and management of hepatic diseases, morphologists and anatomists for new variant, and to embryologists for new developmental defect.

Introduction: The psoas muscle group, including the major and minor muscles, shows variability among individuals. The psoas major is consistently present, while the psoas minor has a higher absence rate (40-60%). Evolution has influenced its absence in humans due to upright posture and bipedal gait. Objectives: This study aims to provide insights into the incidence and morphology of the psoas minor in the South Indian population, addressing literature gaps and discussing its clinical significance. Methods: Conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, the study analyzed 16 cadavers. Measurements included muscle and tendon length, muscle width, origin, and insertion points. Results: The psoas minor was found in 5 of the 16 cadavers, with unilateral and bilateral occurrences in 2 and 3 cadavers, respectively. The mean lengths of the muscle and tendon were 8.5 cm and 8.8 cm, respectively. The origin was from the body of T12 and L1 vertebrae, including adjoining vertebral discs, with variable insertion points. The mean muscle width was 1.70 cm.  Conclusion: Despite its vestigial and variable nature, the psoas minor was observed in 31.25% of the population studied. Its presence, though infrequent, may play a role in conditions like psoas minor syndrome, where muscle stiffness can occur. Detailed knowledge of the psoas minor is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Introduction: It is imperative that medical graduates develop critical thinking abilities in light of the recent  implementation of a new competency-based medical school curriculum that centers on the expected and  observable capacity of Indian medical graduates in practical settings. One of the most crucial abilities that  any medical student must have in order to provide high-quality care is critical thinking. More attention needs  to be paid to this higher-order thinking ability, which might be a crucial quality of any medical practitioner  given the evolving societal expectations of doctors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess first-year medical students' perceptions of their critical  thinking abilities. Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 year one medical  students at Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka.who were selected by a convenient  sampling method. The data were collected by demographic characteristics and modified California Critical  Thinking Skills Test (CCTST). For the regularly distributed variables, parametric tests (Student's t-test and  ANOVA) were employed, while non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney's test & Kruskal -Wallis) were utilized  for the other parameters by using SPSS V 20.  Results: A total of 156 students participated in the study; 45 (28.8.7%) were male, and 111 (17.2%) are female.  93 (59.8%) were government funded and 63(40.4%) were self-funded. There was no significant difference  between the average critical thinking skills score regarding age, gender, parents’ profession, residence, and  medium of instruction.The median positive attitude score was 30±4.8. The mean negative attitude scale score  was 30±5.5. A highly significant association was noted with attitude towards communication skills (p<0.000).  Conclusions: Based on the results, medical students’ critical thinking skills are weak and lower than the exam  average. The educational system should be reviewed in designing a curriculum to foster critical thinking.