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New Indian Journal of Surgery 17(1):p 7-10, Jan-March 2026. | DOI: 10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.17126.1
Original Article
Study of Efficacy of Twist Score in Diagnosing Testicular Torsion in Patients Presenting with Acute Scrotum
Vedant Rathi, Sayali B. Rathi, Junaid Minaj Shaikh, Sarojini P. Jadhav
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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
New Indian Journal of Surgery 17(1):p 7-10, Jan-March 2026. | DOI: 10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.17126.1
How Cite This Article:
Rathi SB, Shaikh JM, Rathi VS, et al. Study of Efficacy of Twist Score in Diagnosing Testicular Torsion in Patients Presenting with Acute Scrotum. New Indian J Surg. 2025;17(1):07-10.Timeline
Received : October 13, 2025
Accepted : December 27, 2025
Published : March 30, 2026
Abstract
Context: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. The TWIST (Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion) score is a clinical tool designed to aid in the rapid diagnosis of this condition
Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the TWIST score in patients presenting with acute scrotum.
Settings and Design: prospective observational study
Methods and Material: A prospective observational study was conducted with 70 patients presenting with acute scrotal pain. TWIST scores were assigned, followed by ultrasound and Doppler scans. Intraoperative findings were compared with preoperative TWIST scores.
Statistical analysis used: Sensitivity, Specificity, NPV, PPV.
Results: For TWIST scores ≤ 2, the sensitivity was 93.75%, specificity was 4.60%, PPV was 32.60%, and NPV was 95.83%. For scores > 2, sensitivity was 93.75%, specificity was 94.44%, PPV was 83.33%, and NPV was 98.07%. A TWIST score > 2 indicated a higher likelihood of torsion
Conclusions: The TWIST score is effective in ruling out testicular torsion in low- risk cases and in identifying patients at high risk, guiding the need for surgical intervention. It should be used alongside clinical judgment and imaging to ensure accurate diagnosis.
References
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Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
Whether all authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Cite this article
Rathi SB, Shaikh JM, Rathi VS, et al. Study of Efficacy of Twist Score in Diagnosing Testicular Torsion in Patients Presenting with Acute Scrotum. New Indian J Surg. 2025;17(1):07-10.
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| October 13, 2025 | December 27, 2025 | March 30, 2026 |
DOI: 10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.17126.1
Keywords
Testicular TorsionTWIST ScoreAcute ScrotumSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | October 13, 2025 |
| Accepted | December 27, 2025 |
| Published | March 30, 2026 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
