Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative approaches for prevention and treatment. This review explores the multifaceted roles of vitamins specifically Vitamins C, D, E, K, and B complex—in maintaining cardiovascular health. Vitamins contribute to critical physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, inflammation modulation, vascular integrity, and lipid metabolism. Vitamin C enhances endothelial function and reduces oxidative stress, while Vitamin D regulates calcium homeostasis and mitigates arterial stiffness. Vitamin E prevents LDL oxidation and supports endothelial health. The B-complex vitamins lower homocysteine levels, reducing thrombotic risk, and Vitamin K prevents vascular calcification. Despite promising evidence, conflicting results from clinical trials underscore the need for personalized supplementation strategies and further research to establish definitive guidelines. This review highlights the potential of vitamins as complementary agents in CVD care, emphasizing the importance of balanced intake for cardiovascular health.

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