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Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 9(1):p 19-21, January – June 2022. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.9122.2
Review Article
Management of Renal Calculi: A Review
Simrat Kaur, Shashank Sharma, Prashant Gautam, SP Subhashini
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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 9(1):p 19-21, January – June 2022. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.9122.2
How Cite This Article:
naTimeline
Received : December 10, 2022
Accepted : February 12, 2022
Published : June 30, 2022
Abstract
Renal calculi are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. They occur in one in 11 people at some time in their lifetimes with men affected 2 to 1 over women. Development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. Calculi may also be caused by low urinary citrate levels or excessive urinary acidity. Renal calculi present with excruciating pain and most patients present to the emergency department in agony. A single event does not cause kidney failure but recurrent renal calculi can damage the tubular epithelial cells, which can lead to functional loss of the renal parenchyma.
References
- 1. https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK442014/
- 2. https:// www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/symptoms-causes/syc-20355755
- 3. https : //europepmc.org/article/ MED/28723043#:~:text=Abstract%20Renal%20calculi%20are%20a%20common%20cause%20 of,with%20men%20affected%202%20to%201%20over%20women.
- 4. https : //www.mayoclinic.org/diseases -conditions/kidney-stones/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355759.
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
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Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| December 10, 2022 | February 12, 2022 | June 30, 2022 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.9122.2
Keywords
OxalateUric acidCystineXanthineSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | December 10, 2022 |
| Accepted | February 12, 2022 |
| Published | June 30, 2022 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.