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Hyponatraemia in ED: Risk Factor Conundrum

Shahbaz Hassan, PG Student, Department of Emergency Medicine, J.J.M Medical College, Bapuji Hospital, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India. , Ashok Kumar V.1 , Vinayaswamy P.M.2 , Kallesh Shamanur3 , Shahbaz Hassana4

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Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 4(2):p 142-146, April-June 2018. | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311X.4218.13

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Abstract

Aims of the Study: Profound hyponatraemia (<125 mmol/l) is frequent in the emergency department. Its incidence appears to increase with age and in patient’s on antihypertensive medication particularly diuretics.Our objectives
were to investigate impact of diuretics on the incidence of profound hyponatraemia and identify its risk factors.

Methods: The incidence of profound hyponatraemia among patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital was observed over one year. Risk factors for profound hyponatraemia were analysed in a observational study. Each adult patient admitted during the study periods with a blood sodium level <135mmol/l was taken into study.

Results: A total of 50 patients of hyponatraemia were analysed, of which 11 patients were in sepsis,10 had renal failure and 8 patients had heart failure as risk factor.Patients on diuretics were 19, of which 9 patients were on combination of thiazide with angiotensin receptor blockers. 

Conclusions: Out of patients analysed in our ED, the most common risk factor was found to be sepsis followed by renal failure, heart failure and diuretics mainly comprising the thiazide group. Female patients were more commonly and were affected at an early age compared to male patients.

Keywords: Diuretics; Hyponatraemia; Risk Factors.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311X.4218.13

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