Abstract

The rise of the gig economy has opened new pathways for women to engage in income-generating activities, providing flexibility, autonomy, and opportunities for economic empowerment. This study examines the experiences of women gig workers in Thoothukudi district, focusing on their socio-economic characteristics, occupational patterns, income levels, and factors influencing earnings. A total of 120 women working in diverse gig sectors such as catering, tailoring, beauty services, and online freelancing were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Garrett Ranking, correlation, and multiple regression techniques.

Results indicate that most participants are middle-aged and have completed higher secondary or graduate-level education. Gig work offers flexible hours, supplementary income, opportunities to apply skills, and enhanced confidence, thereby serving as a platform for both economic and social empowerment. Nevertheless, challenges such as digital illiteracy, irregular earnings, absence of social security, cultural constraints, and safety concerns hinder full participation. Statistical findings highlight education as the strongest predictor of monthly income, while age and prior employment experience exert a smaller, yet positive influence.

The study concludes that while gig work provides significant opportunities for women, interventions such as digital literacy training, skill development initiatives, and social protection measures are crucial for promoting income stability, safety, and long-term empowerment. Such strategies can help women in Thoothukudi district maximize the benefits of gig work and contribute effectively to local economic development.

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