Abstract

Background: Fast food consumption has become increasingly common, especially among young adults, raising concerns about its potential effects on sleep and energy regulation. While existing literature links fast food to various health issues, limited qualitative data exists exploring its behavioral and psychological consequences, particularly in relation to sleep quality and fatigue. Objectives: To explore the relationship between fast food consumption frequency and self-reported sleep patterns and energy levels among adults aged 18 to 45 years. Methodology: A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 35 participants from diverse educational and occupational backgrounds. Participants were categorized based on fast food intake frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, often, rare/occasional). Thematic analysis was applied to the transcribed interviews to identify recurring patterns in reported sleep and energy experiences. Results: The majority of participants (24) reported rare or occasional intake, with smaller numbers consuming fast food monthly (5), daily (3), often (2), or weekly (1). Frequent consumers often experienced disrupted sleep, daytime fatigue, poor digestion, and heaviness. In contrast, those who reduced or rarely consumed fast food reported improved sleep quality, better mood, sustained energy, and enhanced mental clarity. Conclusion: Frequent fast food consumption appears to be associated with poorer sleep quality and lower energy levels. Conversely, reduced intake may support better psychological and physical well-being, suggesting the need for dietary awareness and behavioral interventions focused on sleep and nutrition.

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