Abstract

Chemotherapy has markedly improved cancer survival outcomes, yet its unintended impact on cognitive function commonly referred to as chemobrain has emerged as a significant survivorship concern. Chemobrain is characterised by deficits in memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed, affecting up to 75% of patients during treatment and persisting in approximately one-third of survivors. Its pathophysiology involves multiple mechanisms, including direct neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Clinical manifestations such as mental fogginess, memory lapses, and reduced multitasking ability substantially impair daily functioning, emotional well-being, and work productivity. Diagnosis requires a multidimensional approach incorporating patient history, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and biomarker evaluation. Management strategies include pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, cognitive rehabilitation, and comprehensive nursing care. Nurses play a pivotal role in early detection, patient education, interdisciplinary coordination, and ongoing psychosocial support. Understanding the mechanisms, risk factors, and evidence-based interventions for chemobrain is essential for optimising survivorship care and enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients.

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