Abstract

Background: The xiphoid process is the smallest and most variable part of the sternum. Developmental variations such as bifid xiphoid process may occur due to incomplete fusion of the cartilaginous precursors during embryogenesis. Although usually asymptomatic, this variation is clinically important as it can be mistaken for a pathological lesion or traumatic injury on imaging studies. Case Presentation: During routine dissection of the pectoral region in an 89-year-old female cadaver, a bifid xiphoid process was observed. The process was continuous with the sternal body, and the xiphisternal joint was completely ossified. It was deflected to the right of the median plane and demonstrated 10° anterior eversion. The sternum was otherwise unremarkable. Conclusion: Bifid xiphoid process is a benign developmental variation of no functional significance. Its recognition is essential to prevent misinterpretation as a traumatic, pathological, or neoplastic lesion during clinical examination and radiological interpretation, and to ensure correct hand placement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

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