Abstract

The continuously rising population of the world and decreasing land for agriculture are highlighting the issue of sustainable agriculture and food security. The ancient methods of crop improvement require manual labour and time. The plant phenotyping techniques are providing a helping hand to plant breeders as they study plant phenotypes using imaging, aerial vehicles, sensors, robots, crop models etc. these tools accurately measure the visible traits of the plant such as plant height, physiology and response to stress in different conditions and thus speed up the crop breeding researches. The research is entering a new phase of development in which phenotyping is combined with machine learning, artificial intelligence, predictive crop models to support decision making in sustainable agriculture. The current review discusses the use of phenotyping tools in agriculture and the challenges that are still limiting the use of these novel techniques in agriculture and the possible solutions.

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