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A Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Cases of Leptospirosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Kumar Hemant , Saba Mohammed Mansoor , Kumar Hemant , Poojari

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Indian Journal of Communicable Diseases 1(2):p 53-59, Jul-Dec 2015. | DOI:

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Abstract

 Introduction: Leptospirosis is an emerging global health problem. However, very little is known regarding its true incidence. Estimates indicate that more than 500,000 cases of Leptospirosis occur each year globally with 0.1 to 1 per 100 000 people living in temperate climates. The incidence can even rise to 100 or more per 100000 during outbreaks. Leptospirosis is endemic in many states in India which include Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andamans, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & Puducherry. The disease is also endemic in Mangalore and its surrounding areas. The present study has been under taken to study the   epidemiological and clinical profile of   Leptospirosis cases admitted during last six years i.e. from 2009 to 2014, in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Materials and Methods:  A record-based study was undertaken to determine the demographic and clinical profile of all Leptospirosis cases admitted from 01 January 2009 to 31 December 2014 to a teaching hospital in Mangalore. The clinical data including demographic parameters of all patients were retrieved from MRD and subsequently analyzed. Results: A total of 108 patients were admitted in the hospital from 01 Jan 2009 to 31 Dec 2014.Highest admissions, i.e. 28.70 % were noted in the month of September, while the lowest admissions were seen in the month of November, December and March. The majority of the patients were males, 82(75.92 %) while females constituted a small number 24.07%. A large number of patients suffered from deranged hepatic functions (34.25%), Acute Renal Failure (12.03%) ARDS (10.18%), Hemorrhages (5.55%) and Acute Myocarditis (3.07%). There were 16(14.81%) deaths mainly due to complications. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is more common during the monsoon. Common complications include renal failure and hepatic dysfunction. Death is due to multi-organ failure. 

Keywords: Zoonotic; Endemic; Rashes; Complications; Morbidity

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