Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Knee joints which are most commonly injured body part and knee joint injuries constitute a significant percentage of injuries in both professional and recreational sportsmen. Reduction in the range of knee joint motion leads to increased pelvic motion and a change in kinematic interaction impact on lumbar spine mobility and stability, and can cause pain and dysfunction in the lower back region. Therefore, the above stated reasons highlight the need of analyzing the spine biomechanically. So, that a new physiotherapeutic assessment and treatment approach can be developed in future to prevent permanent adaptive changes in the posture in patients with knee injuries. This systematic review protocol has been conducted by two independent reviewers who searched thearticles using electronic search for publications in several databases: Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, JSTOR, Pubmed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the selection criteria, study papers published between the years 2001 to 2020 have been selected. Studies of human participants of any age having injuries around knee joint have been eligible, and there was no restriction on type of injuries. All the study papers will be analyzed using Modified Downs and Black scale and scores will be awarded for the items selected on a 27 point scale.This review has collected secondary data only; hence no ethical approval was required.The results of this review protocol will provide evidence regarding changes in lower back region in patients with injuries around knee and this information will be useful in planning for rehabilitation in knee and around knee injury.

Keywords: Lower back region; Knee Injuries.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is characterized by persistent expiratory    flow limitation which is usually progressive. Dyspnea is the most prominent exercise-limiting symptom of the disease, which leads to chronic avoidance of physical activities.1 Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has frequently been applied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to improve inspiratory muscle function, exertional dyspnea, and exercise tolerance. Results of the latest meta-analysis indicate that IMT as a stand-alone treatment yields clinically meaningful improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life.8 Aim of Study: “To Compare the Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Threshold device (IMT) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” Methodology: This is a comparativestudy and study done in OPD and IPD of SMIH Patel Nagar, Dehradun (UK). A total of 30 subjects of either gender, diagnosed to have mild, moderate and severe COPD were included in thestudy and randomly divided into 2 groups 15 in each i.e. (Group A) Inspiratory muscle training and Threshold group (IMT) (group B). Limitation of Study: The study is conducted for a short duration and study shows only immediate effects and not the long term effects. Proper follow up is not done with the patients due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Total size of population group studied was small. In this study, the effects of extrinsic factors such as administration of drugs like Bronchodilators, Beta blockers, Corticosteroids, etc. and intakes of caffeine in the diet are not considered while including patients in the study. Future Research: Study can be done on largerpopulation. Further study can be done to check the combined effects of Inspiratoy muscle training and Threshold Devices. The exact mechanism behind the reduction of dyspnea following Inspiratory muscle training and the relationship between the reduction of dyspnea and Threshold Device can be studied in more detail. The duration of study can be increased. Conclusion: Analyzing and comparing both groups pre and post data, although both group shows significant differences with in the groups and between the groups but group A (Exercise Group) shows slightly more significant improvement in both outcome measures. Therefore, results suggest that after 4 week of Inspiratory muscle training and threshold device(IMT), both group shows improvement in Dyspnea but Inspiratory muscle training shows more improvement in Dyspnea in COPD patients.

Keywords: COPD, Dyspnoea, Inspiratory Muscle Training, Threshold device, forced expiratory volume, BDI/ TDI scale, mMRC.

Background: Physical activity needs to be the core basic need of humans, without which all degeneration and diseases sets in. Physical activity in any forms whether with the motive of weight loss or not is always beneficial. Even if one chooses to be active, the adherence to the program remains critical. Materials & Methods: A semi structured, self-administered questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms with open and close ended questionnaire. They were circulated among sedentary women in a community via social media, accessible to all for a period of one week. The data was calculated automatically by Google spreadsheet. Results: 120 women in a community filled the questionnaire. Women of today are conscious about their health at the same time it was found that the adherence to any program was low. Conclusion: Steps need to be taken to engage in physical activity for few minutes in a day making it an integral and core activity of a day.

Key Words: Awareness, Physical Fitness, Physical activity, Survey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative effect between Maitland’s technique and Mulligan’s technique in reducing pain, disability and improving range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint. Methodology: It was a pre and post experimental design study. The patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint which shows signs and symptoms and were requested to participate in study. The total number of patients 46 was enrolled in this study but on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 subjects with male and female ratio 10:20. Patients were equally divided into two groups,group A and group B respectively. Group A received moist Maitland technique and group B receivedMulligan’s technique. Moist heat pack and conventional exercises were given to both groups.Purpose of this study was explained to the patients. An informed consent was taken from each patient prior to participate in this study. This study was conducted atphysiotherapy OPD, ChhatrapatiShivajiSubharti hospital, Swami VivekanandSubharti University, Meerut India. Result: In both groups, p-value was significant i.e., p<0.05 with SPADI and ROM score (0.0000), (0.0000) and (0.0000). The 4 weeks protocol of Maitland and Mulligan’s showed difference in both group individually in improving ROM and decreasing the pain and disability but group B, Mulligan’s technique showed statistically more significant difference in decreasing pain, disability and ROM. Conclusion: 4 weeks, both manual technique resulted in significant effect in both groups individually in improving range of motion and decrease in pain and disability but group B received Mulligan’s technique showed statistically more significant difference in pre to post SPADI and ROM score in order to decrease pain, disability and increase in ROM.

Keywords: VAS; SPADI; ROM; Maitland’s Technique, Mulligan’s Technique.