Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry

The ethnic and rural population of India depends on medicinal plants for their health care as well as for their livestock. This attracted the interest of several botanists that lead to an array of reports on ethnomedicine. Analgesics are the substances that are used in pain, without losing consciousness. Drugs which are used at present for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions are either steroidal like corticosteroids or non-steroidal like aspirin. All of these drugs possess more or less side and toxic effects like renal failure, allergic reactions, hearing loss or
they may increase the risk of hemorrhage by affecting platelet function.
Various sources of analgesic drugs synthetic analgesic and natural analgesic, natural analgesics like Sterculia foetida, Opioid Analgesics, Aloe Vera, Manilkara Zapota, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Zingiber Officinale, Eugenia Caryophyllata, Cinnamomum camphora. Studies have shown that opiates because of physical dependency, tolerance, and addiction while NSAID’s usually cause gastrointestinal disorders. For that, the discovery of other alternatives to treat pain is crucial. Herbal therapy could be an interesting option for the treatment of opioid dependence and withdrawal. This review gives information regarding different analgesic obtained from natural sources. This article reviews such medicinal plants with antiinflammatory and analgesic properties that have been used by our ancestors to heal many of their ailments.

Keywords: NSAIDs; Natural Analgesics; Aloe Vera; Eugenia Caryophyllata; Cinnamomum camphora; Bougainvillea.
 

Drug development and discovery failures are attributed to poor pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, efficacy and toxicity. By monitoring the physicochemical properties of lead compounds, it has become feasible to increase the quality of drug candidates. Toxicity determination of chemicals is crucial to identify their deleterious effects on humans, Animals, plants and the environment. Numerous Insilico models are thus developed for the prediction of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism,
Excretion (ADME) properties at the early stages of drug discovery to decrease the fraction of global pharmacokinetics related failures in the later phases of drug development. Dihyropyrimidinone derivatives possess a broad spectrum of biological activities like Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anticancer Antihypertensive activities. The objective of this study is to predict Pharmacokinetic, drug likeness properties and toxicity of Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives by using Swiss adme, PKCSM, Lazar and Pro toxsoftware’s. All the compounds followed the Lipinski ‘Rule of five’ and showing good oral bioavailability. All the compounds were nontoxic except for Compound F6 which showed hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity.

Keywords: Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives; adme; Swiss ADME; PkCSM; Lazar; Protox.
 

The current research work is validated RP-HPLC method developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Metformin and Sitagliptin in pure and combined tablet dosage forms. Sulfonylureas is used as an internal standard drug and current research method an accurate, precise and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantitative estimation of Metformin and Sitagliptin simultaneously in tablet dosage forms. Shimadz SPD 10A (S.K.) gradient System UV Detector and C18 (Primesil) column with 250mm x 4.6mm i.d. and 5μm particle size. Distilled water: Methanol 0.05% Ortho phosphoric acid (50:50) composition of solvent system used as the mobile phase for the method. The detection wavelength was 245nm and
flow rate was 1.2 ml/min. In the developed method, the retention time of Metformin and Sitagliptin were found to be 2.1 min and 7.6 min. The proposed research method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The range, calibration curve, accuracy and precision, robustness was within the limits as specified by the ICH guidelines. So the proposed methods can be used for the routine quality control analysis of Metformin and Sitagliptin simultaneously in tablet dosage forms.

Keywords: RP-HPLC; Metformin and Sitagliptin; Sulfonylureas (Internal standard).
 

Various novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-thione derivatives were prepared by using substituted benzaldehydes, ethylacetoacetate and thiourea in the presence of ammonium molybdate and acetic acid at a temperature of 80-90°C to give corresponding titled compounds in good yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized by physical properties and spectral studies (IR, 1H-NMR) and for all the titled compounds physical data like LogP values and biological properties were predicted by using molinspiration soft ware.

Keywords: Substituted benzaldehydes, ethylacetoacetate, thiourea, ammonium molybdate and acetic acid.
 

Nano ZnO(Zinc oxide) as antibacterial agent received many versatile features because of its inexpensive, non toxic and has eco friendly nature. Zinc Oxide nano (ZnOnano) particles are commonly applied in pollutants removal and disinfectants, because of its high chemical stability and poison less characteristics. The addition of metal based particles into polymers is a versatile route to take advantage of their strong antimicrobial properties producing novel biocide materials and allowing a further extension of the range of applications. There are several useful features of Chitosan, such as non-toxicity, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial property which make it as a versatile material in many biomedical applications. The combining of polymer such as Chitosan and ZnOnano particles to form films or hydro gel materials have further advantages such as non aggregated nature and recyclablilty. The proposed approach can stabilise ZnOnano particles in Chitosan matrix by an alkaline solidification process. The fabricated ChitosannanoZnO composite has potential for many-sided applications such as bactericides, polluted water treatment andbiofouling.

Keywords: Chitosan, ZnOnano, composite, antibacterial, biodegradable