Journal of Global Medical Education and Research

This review describes about Scapular Dyskinesia. Pathology, stages and mechanism developing scapular dyskinesia is elaborated. Assesment and description of rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesia is explained in this review.

Introduction: The Bethesda system is a uniform reporting system for thyroid cytology that facilitates the clarity of communication among pathologists, and surgeons and facilitates cytohistologic correlation for thyroid diseases. An implied risk of malignancy, a preliminary triage, and at times a definitive diagnosis can be offered. Immunocy to chemistry can be done on cell blocks. Molecular studies can also be performed. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) based on Bethesda system of reporting. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with clinically palpable thyroid lesions were studied at our institute between July 31, 2020, and December 31, 2020. FNAC was performed on those patients and slides were made, both air dried (MGG stained) and wet fixated (PAP, H & E stained). The slides were screen under light microscope and results were compared. Results: Based on the Bethesda system of classification of thyroid lesions, out of total 40 samples: 02 samples were diagnosed as non-diagnostic even after re-aspiration (Category 1). 21 lesions were diagnosed as benign (Category 2). 07 were in category of follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Category 3). 05 were diagnosed as suspicious for follicular neoplasm (Category 4). 03 as suspicious for malignancy (Category 5). 02 cases as malignant (Category 6). Conclusions: Reviewing the thyroid FNAs with the Bethesda system for reporting allowed precise cytological diagnosis. Nature of the disease, experience of pathologist, and understanding of certain limitations determine its diagnostic utility. Discussion: FNAC is a widely accepted method used in the diagnosis of patients with thyroid nodules. The lack of consistency in reporting FNA was solved in 2007, when TBSRTC was introduced.

Introduction: Technologies have changed the traditional way of education to the modern way of learning. E-learning is covered under a larger term of technology based learning through websites, learning portals, mobile apps, and thousands of free available websites for blended learning. Globally, due to COVID-19 outbreak universities are closed in lockdown, most teachers and students are happy about online education. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction with online learning. Materials and Methods: Quantitative research approach and survey research design was used. Arts, Engineering and Nursing students who satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected as samples. Data was collected using investigator prepared five point rating scale. Data analysis was done in terms of frequency and percentage with descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The result of the study shows that majority of students 291(97.0%) had moderate level of satisfaction regarding online classes, 8 (2.7%) had high level of satisfaction and 1 (0.3%) had low level of satisfaction. Statistically significant association was found between the level of satisfaction of the students and gender (P-0.5185), hours of spending in online classes (P -0.0001), mode of online classes (P-0.0631), year of students (P- 0.0017) and course of students (P-0). Conclusion: This study concludes that students have moderate level of satisfaction with online classes and their satisfaction level is associated with certain demographics variables like gender, hours of spending in online classes, mode of online class, year of students and their course.