Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics

The Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has led to technical advancements in the last few years. These techniques have greatly assisted in achieving an acceptable pregnancy rate. Pregnancy followed by delivery signifies the success of an ART treatment. The success rate of an ART treatment is hinged on various parameters of which oocytes have a primary role in fertilization, early embryo development and its subsequent implantation. Successful pregnancies are common in assisted reproductive technology clinics because of invasive and non-invasive methods used to isolate biologically competent oocytes. The process of fertilizing the embryo, early embryo growth, implanting of the fertilized embryo, and favorable pregnancy results may be predicted by morphological features like zonapellucida, the cumulus complex, first polarized body, perivitelline membrane area space, spindle formation assembly, and ooplasm. The non-invasive assessment of oocyte quality based on cumulus gene expression analysis in conjunction with morphology assessment can improve the clinical pregnancy (CPR) and live birth rates (LBR). The infertility that is linked with poor oocyte quality may be explained by a number of different processes that are not exclusive to one another. To a large extent, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) depends on the oocyte, which plays a critical role in defining embryonic competence. It has been suggested in research studies that the shape of oocytes may serve as a non-invasive indicator of the quality of the oocytes. The current review investigates the correlation of oocyte quality and its effect on the clinical outcomes of women undergoing regulated ovarian stimulating for an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

The increasing need for effective antimicrobial agents has become paramount due to the rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. In the current scenario, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings have accelerated the development of resistant strains, creating an urgent demand for alternative therapies. Antibiosis, the mechanism by which antibiotics exert their effects, primarily involves inhibiting cell wall synthesis, disrupting protein production, or interfering with nucleic acid replication. While synthetic antibiotics have dominated the market, there is growing interest in natural sources of antibiotics, particularly plant-derived compounds. One such compound, eugenol, found in essential oils, has shown promising antimicrobial properties. Eugenol not only inhibits various foodborne pathogens but also enhances the efficacy of conventional antibiotics by lowering their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),making it a valuable candidate for use in combination therapies.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder that requires lifelong management and contributes to infant, childhood as well as adult morbidity and mortality. SCD is a widespread disease characterized by a variation in the beta-globin gene that results into the production of aberrant hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. The inheritance of the mutation could be homozygous or heterozygous combined with another hemoglobin mutation. SCD can be identified by the presence of dense, sickled cells that grounds for haemolysis of blood cells, chronic anemia, acute painful occurrence, body part alteration, and in many cases death. Early detection/diagnosis of SCD can help to reduce the mortality and management of the disease effectively. Millions of people worldwide are impacted by this prevalent inherited blood disorders, which include sickle cell disease and its variations. Sickle Cell disease results in a markedly reduced life expectancy, particularly in India’s tribal people. The review study here explain an overview of the inheritance, severity, pathogenesis, present-day and emergent techniques for SCD detection and highlights the different national & International programs for the elimination of disease from the population.

The chemical formula of dopamine is C6H3(OH)2-CH2-CH2-NH2. Normally dopamine is abbreviated as DA, that is, dopamine (DA). There are many chemicals in the category of cathecolamine and dopamine is one among them. Dopamine plays crucial role in the life of human beings and many other animals. Dopamine is essential for feel good factors in humans and many other mammals. They deficiency of dopamine stimuli or secretion in brain can lead to many mental diseases.