International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

Background and Objectives: Hyperbilirubinemia is associated with hearing impairment. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of hearing impairment among the term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia by using otoacostic emission (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Methods: This one year hospital based prospective observational study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2021. A Total of 190 healthy term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia admitted under the department of pediatrics, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi during the study period were studied. Results: Most of the neonates were boys (60.53%) and boy to girl ratio was 1.53:1. History of consanguineous marriage was noted in 6.32% of the parents. The mean age was 4.73±2.65 days. Majority of the neonates (97.37%) weighed between 2.5 to 3.5 Kg. The mean birth weight was 2.84±0.84 Kg. The mean direct bilirubin levels were 0.88±29 mg/dL and mean total bilirubin levels were 17.3±2.58 mg/dL. During OAE-I, 33.16% of the neonates were advised to refer for second OAE and during OAE-II, 2.63% of the neonates were advised to undergo BERA. The incidence of hearing impairment based on BERA findings was 2.63%. 60.53% of the babies were born by LSCS while 39.47% were born through vaginal route and all the babies with hearing impairment had vaginal delivery while none of the baby with LSCS had hearing impairment (p=0.009). No association was found between hearing impairment in neonate with sex, age at admission and history of consanguineous marriage in parents and total bilirubin levels (p>0.050). Also the mean direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, birth weight, duration of NICU stay and age admission (p>0.050) were similar in babies with and without hearing impairment. Conclustion and Interpretation: The present study showed incidence of hearing impairment as 33.16% based on OAE examination and 2.63% based on BERA.

Being a Parents there is a lot of responsibility towards a child which helps in their development. good parents have responsibility to teach their children about what is right and wrong and teach them about how to behave in society. Good parenting also helps their child in taking their decisions, self-control, kindness, self-direction, honesty, co-operation and providing them a positive environment so that they can enjoy and feel safe. Good parents give their child proper time and attention so that child doesn’t feel alone. Good parenting focusing on developing the independence in children, social skills, building a strong relationship between them.

Bullying means misuse of force, power, threat and involve in aggressive behaviors towards others. It can occur anywhere in society like school, home, workplace and any social gathering. This bulling act is common for all age groups but most common among children. There are four possible forms of bullying behavior among children like verbal, physical, relational and cyberbully. In worldwide, almost one-third of young teens were experiences bullying. In that, approximately 41% of school going children were remain bullied with age group of 12-18 years at every year. It’s necessary, Children need to learn that bullying behavior causes unhealthy environment and promote serious effects on the bullied children’s social, emotional and physical well-being. Govt of India have enacted anti-bullying laws to control and prohibit bullying mainly in schools and colleges. Everyone has vital role in prevention of bullying behavior among children, especially parents, teachers and school health nurses to take necessary measures to control it.