International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

  OFC (Oral Facial Clefts) is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip, cleft palate and both together. The cause of cleft lip and palate is complex and viewed to be result of both genetic and environmental factors. It results in feeding, speech and hearing problems. The visual appearance of child can affect parents perceptions of success for their child as well as child’s self­image,which can causes psychological problems. As children with this deformity grow older and begin to mix other children they may teased and ridiculed. In this scenario the complete care of a child with OFC requires multidisciplinary help and frequent assessment. Such as coordinated effort can be implemented through bio psychosocial model which enables the child to attain optimal habilitation, allows him or her to feel and be a useful member of society and ensures optimal functioning of the family. 

Keywords: OFC; Biopsychosocial Model.

  A dysmorphic feature is a difference of body structure. It can be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual, or it can be related to a congenital disorder, genetic syndrome, or birth defect. It is estimated that 10% of the pediatric hospital admission involved known genetic conditions, 18% involved congenital defects of unknown etiology and 40% of surgical admissions are of patients with congenital malformations. Dysmorphology is the study of dysmorphic features, their origins and proper nomenclature. Dysmorphic features can occur anywhere in the body but are perhaps most often associated with facial features. As a routine part of patient assessment the nurse should screen the major and minor anomalies. The minor anomalies such as clinodactyly or synophrys to severe congenital anomalies, such as heart defects and holoprosencephaly. In some cases, dysmorphic features are part of a larger clinical picture, sometimes known as asequence, syndrome or association. About 2­3% of all children have a majot anomalie. The nurse have to identify the clues to genretic problems by examining the child and considering the physical characteristics of the parents and other family  members. 

Keywords: Dysmorphism Bell’s Palsy; Mocopolysaccharidosis; Global Developmental Delay; Microcephaly and Rickets.  

Hand over communication occur frequently at various stages throughout the patient’s stay at hospital and is a fundamental component of patient care. The significance of handover communication came into limelight with the report of Joint Commission International (JCI) in 2005 that as many as 70% of sentinelevents were caused by communication breakdowns with half of those occurring during ahand over process. Presently many hospitals in India have no policies and protocols for the safe and efficient transfer communication during handover among health care workers including nurses. Though standardization of hand over is a complex and difficult task, it hasthe potential to produce great rewards for both patients and nurses. This is especially important in a country like India with the fewest resources and compelling needs,where people cannot afford for quality to fail.To err is human. Errors in health care can and will happen as long as human beings provide health care. Structuring health systems and environments to minimise the human errors in communication requires a strong administrative will and commitment while promoting an organisational culture that put patient safety as the centre of focus. 

Keywords: Handover; Communication; Medical Error; Standardization; Sentinal Event. 

  Medical errors is a serious patient safety threat with patient, health care worker and organisation. Although there are scanty data on medical errors in India, a recent report states that there are 5.2 million injuries occurring every year due to medical errors adverse events. Though medical error primarily affects patients and their families, it has profound and enduring traumatic effects in the involved health care worker making them second victims of the event. The existing investigations and process does not take into consideration of the trauma the event has implicated on the second victim. A non­judgemental and timely support to the second victim can foster goodwill, trust, and appreciation promoting a just culture in an organisation.It is imperative that organisations should recognize the need for second victims and design initiatives to support second victims to mitigate the emotional and professional impact of medical error. 

Keywords: Medical Error; Health Care Worker; Adverse Events; Second Victims.  

  The children are passive creatures who are molded by environment. If they fall in illness their understanding and interpretations from external sources are unable to predict. Science of Unitary Human Beings abstract system developed by Martha E Rogers in 1970. This abstract blocks provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the Universe. A change of pattern and organization of human and environment fields is transmitted by waves. The manifestations of the field patterning that emerge are observable events. By identifyand predictions of the pattern, is required better understanding of human experiences. 

Keywords: Human Beings, Environmental Energy Field, Openness, Pattern, Pan Dimensionality, Strange Environmental Stressors.  

  Value­oriented education refers to a planned educational process aimed at the development of proper attitudes, emotions and character in the learner. It covers all the aspects of personality development. Value oriented education can take place at home if we teach moral values to the child at home, as well as in schools, colleges, universities, if we make it a part of the syllabus. Crime, violence, cruelty, greed and apathy to human suffering have spread to all aspects of our life­political, economic and social. Therefore the need of the hour is to make the children aware of the moral values and duties. 

Keywords: Value – Oriented Education; Syllabus; Academics; Values.

  In this study effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge of Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) among nursing students was studied using structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding ADHD. The research design used in the study was one group pretest and post test pre experimental design. The knowledge regarding ADHD was assessed before and after the planned health teaching. The conceptual frame work of the study was based on Roy’s Adaptation Model. The study was conducted among 30 nursing students of a selected nursing college by using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected and analyzed based on objectives of the study using descriptive and referential statistics. The objectives of the study were to­ 

1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding ADHD among nursing students. 

2. To assess the post test knowledge regarding ADHD among nursing students. 

3. To assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among students. 

4. To find the association between knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and selected background variables of the nursing students. 

Mean value at pre­test was 13.4 which increased to 27.4 in post­test. The study revealed that the planned health teaching increased the knowledge on ADHD among nursing students. The effectiveness of planned health teaching was independent of the selected demographic data and baseline data. The study concluded that planned health teaching can play a vital role in imparting knowledge to the nursing students. 

Keywords: Planned Health Teaching; Knowledge; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Nursing Students.  

  The objectives of the study were to assess the immunization status among under five children and to assess factors for partial or non immunization among under five children in selected community of New Delhi. Sample comprised of 100 mothers having 142 under five children. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the sample from the population. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A structured interview schedule was designed to collect the data. Maximum 46% of the mothers were in the age group of 26­30 yrs, 26% mothers were illiterate and 78% were Hindu. Out of children, 55%were male and 45% were female. It was found that 81% of the children were partially immunized whereas only 9% were fully immunized and 10 % were not immunized at all. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between religion as well as educational status of mother and immunization status and Chi square test showed significant association between sex of children and immunization status. There were many factors responsible for non/partial immunization. The maximum problem was due to parents going to home town, and busy with their work/no holidays, mothers found difficulty to go alone and had no body to accompany them. They also had a myth that child become sick after vaccination. The information for the next immunization was also lacking. 

Keywords: Fully Immunized; Partially Immunized; Non Immunized; Under Five.  

  Introduction: Infertility is a low­control, chronic stressor with severe long – lasting negative social and psychological consequences. The present study was conducted to assess the level of Coping among women with primary infertility. Methodology: A cross – sectional survey was conducted. Coping level was assessed by using COMPI [Copenhagen Multicenter Psycosocial Intertility] coping scale. The interview method was used to collect the data. Results: 39.1% had low level of coping, 60.9%had medium level of coping ,and none had high level of coping. Conclusion: The above results insisted the importance of boosting the coping level of women with infertility. 

Keywords: Coping Level; Women with Primary Infertility.  

  Background:School children are a significant and important segment of the population. They need maximum attention in terms of their education, health, social and emotional development [1].The most severe fall­related injuries were fractures or open wounds [2]. Most common non­fatal injuries include fractured limbs, with 10–20 per cent of children involved in road traffic accidents [3]. It has been estimated that up to 25 per cent of children sustain injury every year, with 10 to 25 per cent of these injuries consisting of a fracture4.The WHO describes fractures as the most common category of unintentional injuries suffered by children below 15 years. Around 10­25 per cent of all pediatric injures are fractures [5]. Around one­third of all children suffer at least one fracture before the age of 17 and fracturesare the cause of 9 per cent of all injuries [6]. Objectives:To assess the knowledge, knowledge on practices and skills among school children regarding first aid management of fractures in experimental and control group.To evaluate the effectiveness of skill training programme on first aid management of fractures among school children in experimental and control group.To associate the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge, knowledge on practices and skills of school children on first aid management of fractures in experimental and control group. Methods: An experimental study involving 25 school children for experimental group and 25 school children for control group from 9th class were taken for the study. Pretest – posttest experimental and control group design was adopted for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. It included data regarding socio­demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to knowledge on first aid management of fractures, knowledge on practices on prevention of fractures and observational checklist (5­ point Likert scale) for skills on bandaging technique. Results: In an experimental group out of 25 students, 48%(12) have inadequate knowledge and moderately adequate knowledge in pretest and76%(19) have adequate knowledge inpost test. In control group out of 25 students, 64%(16) have inadequate knowledge in pretest and 52%(13) have inadequate knowledge in post test. In an experimental group, 44%(11) have inadequate knowledge on practices in pretest and 76%(19) have adequate knowledge on practicesin post test. In control group, 52%(13) have moderately adequate knowledge on practices in pretest and 48%(12)  have moderately adequate knowledge on practicesin post test. In an experimental group, 92%(32) have inadequate skillsin pretest and 48%(12) have adequate skills inpost test. In control group, 84%(21) have inadequate skillsin pretest and 72%(18) have inadequate skillsin post test. Conclusion: A majority of 9th class students among experimental group were having adequate and moderately adequate knowledge, knowledge on practices and skills and demographic variables were statistically significant, hence it can be concluded that, there is an improvement on level of knowledge, knowledge on practices and skills in post test in experimental group. 

Keywords: Skill Training Programme; First Aid; Fractures. 

  The present study aimed to determine the incidence and contributing factors of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) colonization in school children. The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence and contributing factors of MRSA colonization in school children, find out the association between incidences of MRSA colonization in school children and selected contributing factors and to identify the association between incidence of MRSA colonization and selected demographic variables. A conceptual framework based on Nola J. Pender’s Health Promotion Model was developed to guide the study forward. This research study was conducted in 200 school children from selected schools of Malappuram district. A structured questionnaire was used to identify the contributing factors of MRSA colonization. Data from 200 school children and their parents were collected after validating the tool and the data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample was subjected to nasal swab screening and antibiotic sensitivity test. Results revealed that out of the 200 sample, 105(52.5%) were Staphylococcus Aureus positive, out of which 32(30.4%) were MRSA isolates. 73(69.5%) of the 105 sample were Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) positive. The results affirmed that engaging in group play activities (P­ value 0.01) and attending camps ( P­ value 0.04) have significant association with incidence of MRSA colonization n school children at 0.05 significance level. The study reveals that MRSA colonization has no significant association with demographic variables. 

Keywords: Incidence; Contributing Factors; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA); Colonization; Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus(MSSA).