Indian Journal of Waste Management

 The natural world, such as rivers, mountains and forests, are often seen as sacred in many cultural traditions. Modern protection movements have even begun to draw on spiritual and religious beliefs to promote issues of environmental sustainability. The growing concern with ecological issues and their impact on general awareness is one of the most noticeable phenomena globally. The word for religion (Deen) is found in the holy Qur’an in 90 different places, often in contexts that place it outside the purely ritual. Deen in essence describes an integrated code of behavior which deals with personal hygiene, at one end of the spectrum, to our relationships with the natural order at the other. “The creation of the heavens and the earth is far superior than the creation of mankind. But the majority of mankind do not recognize it” (Qur’an 40:56). The earth is mentioned more than four hundred places in the Holy Qur’an, whereas the sky and ahead are reported only about three hundred times. In this paper, we examine the role of religion in the environment empirically. Using data from the Kashmir valley Social Survey 2018-19, we examined the effects of religious beliefs on environmental behaviors in Kashmir valley. The estimation revealed that a majority of the participants of this research showed constructive attitude towards environmental conservation however their approach was negative. We aim to explore and share that Islam does understand the earth to be subservient to humankind. Hence, the earth should not be administered and oppressed carelessly. Islam, leads to a well-built sense of kindness and purity of the earth by its teachings and principles. Human and environment communication is guided by the impression of the person as a vicegerent or true warden of the earth. The broad support provided by Holy Quran is indicative that the earth is a vital protected element for upcoming sustenance of the future generation and is to be a secure place to stay. It is noticed that rapid industrialization, unplanned development and unprecedented growth in population with its accompanying poverty and deprivation are recognized as being the main causes of environmental degradation, a major threat to the existence of humanity today. The fast deterioration of human environment is nothing except a disaster of morals. Mankind in general are guided to look after the environment and not to harm it. Islamic approach of a sustainable environmental life entails living in “peace and harmony (salam)" at individual, social as well as natural levels. All human actions have some impact on the environment and for that this paper will display the understanding of Islam and environmental sustainability through the lasting reference of the Quran and the Words of Messenger of Allah. The humankind can no longer compensate for the price of our failures. It is the moment that people of all faiths join and set for a common foundation for humankind. The Qur’an and Sunnah offers a clear assistance for our future, pertinent to all, Muslims and Non-Muslims.

Keywords: Religion; Environment; Islam; Quran; Hadith; Allah; Nature; Statistics.

 Despite a high growth rate and plentiful Government measures to encourage gender equality, the gender gap still leavings in South India. Absence of gender equality not only restrictions women’s admittance to properties and chances, but also exposes the life scenarios of the future group. Gender inequality has been a historic worldwide marvels a social development and founded on gender expectations. It is linked to kinship rules rooted in cultures and gender norms that categorizes human social life, social relatives, as well as promotes reduction of women in form of social levels. In the present paper an attempt has been made to examine the problem of gender inequality in South India, in this process, the paper not only discusses the extent, causes, fitness and consequences of the problem, but also suggests policy measures to reduce gender inequality in South India.

Keywords: Education; Gender; South India; Difference.

 Five different types of microsprinklers were selected for identification as M-1, M-11, M-111, M-IV and M-V) for studying the Merrium and Keller Distribution Uniformity (DU) and Christiansen’s Uniformity Coefficient (UCC). The DU and UCC were studied at different spacing of microsprinkles and different pressures. The pressures were in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 kg/cm2 with and increment of 0.5 kg/cm2 and the spacings between microspinklers were 3 x 3 m to 10 x 10 m with an increment of 1.0 m (i.e. 3 x 3 m, 4 x 4 m ….., 10 x 10.0 m). The M-V has shown maximum UCC, 94.74 percent at 2 kg/cm2 pressure at the psacing of 3 x 3 m., and the lowest by M-IV i.e. 87.52 percent. More than desired value (70%) of UCC was reported only for MS-I for all pressures under consideration and for spacings 3 m x 3 m to 7 m x 7 m which indicates its superiority over other types of microsprinklers. The highest value of DU, 96.90 percent was recorded for M-II at 2.0 kg/cm2.

Keywords: Distribution uniformity; Microsprinkler spacings; Uniformity coeffieicnet.

 The disposal of solid waste has, in recent years, become a burning issue in the world. Many countries have taken several tangible measures to address this issue locally and internationally. In this backdrop, Sri Lankan government has taken several steps at local level to solve the solid waste management and the perception of teachers is important for the success of the programmes. The objectives of the study were to find out the level of perception teachers and to identify any significant difference in perception of teachers towards solid waste management programmes based on gender and locality. In this study, a normative survey method was adopted. A sample of 200 teachers working in Akkaraipattu Education Zone was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. Solid Waste Management Programmes Perception Assessment Scale and Personal Information Schedule were used as tools for the study to collect necessary data. The findings of the study reveal that the level of perception of the teachers is average and there are difference in perception based on gender and locality. It is emphasized that the teachers have to be educated to get high perception about Solid Waste Management Programmes in Sri Lanka.

Keywords: Perceptions; Waste; Management; Programmes.

 The non-reducing sugars varied from 1.10% to 1.70%. The lowest and the highest non-reducing sugar contents were recorded in genotypes PSR-22 and PCR-9305 respectively in healthy leaves whereas in case of diseased leaves the non-reducing sugar contents varied from 0.79% (PCR-9305) to 1.95% (Varuna). The magnitude of reduction in this case was 22% due to occurrence of disease. Once the pathogen establishes its introduction in the host tissues, it starts feeding the nutrients from host and simple sugars are by far the first nutrient to be taken up by the fungi. Several workers have studies the alterations in the reducing and the non-reducing sugar contents due to pathogenic attack. The reducing sugar content varied from 3.52% to 4.50% in case of healthy tissues. This range was recorded from 3.0% to 3.70% in case of tissues infected by A. brassicae. Non-reducing sugars recorded a range of variation from 1.15% to 1.65% in healthy tissues and 0.88% to 1.10% in diseased tissues. The non-reducing sugars ranged from 1.10% to 1.70% and 0.79% and 1.95% in healthy and diseased tissues respectively. In the opinion of author the disease causes a derangement in the host plant metabolism and the simple sugars are the first preference for the nutrition of parasite. This might be cause of decline in the simple sugar. With the growth and proliferation of pathogen further breakdown of sugars might convert non-reducing sugars into reducing sugars, which might easily be utilized by pathogen.