Indian Journal of Waste Management

Background: In accordance with the Bio-Medical Waste Rules established in 1988 in India, bio-medical waste is defined as any waste generated during the diagnosis and treatment of humans and animals, or any waste produced during the production or testing of biological materials. The management of biomedical waste has emerged as a critical issue for healthcare providers due to its increased risk of infection and injury. Insufficient understanding of proper healthcare waste handling can lead to severe health repercussions. Aims: To evaluate the level of knowledge evaluate the level of knowledge and practice about importance of biomedical waste management and prevention of hospital acquired infection among nursing students and to determine the association between level of knowledge and practice about importance of biomedical waste management and prevention of hospital acquired infection among nursing students with selected demographic variables: Materials and Methods: The methodology employed for this study was descriptive in character, for evaluating the knowledge structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used, number of subjects were 100, sampling technique of the present study is purposive sampling. Results: Reveals that in accordance to frequency and percentage of distribution of respondents according to their selected demographic variables age distribution of chi-square value is 7.04 and p-value is 0.13. Gender distribution of chi-square value is 1.96, and p-value 0.3. Academic year & course about Diploma in General Nursing & Midwifery distribution of chi-square value is 1.98 and p-value is 0.7 (Moderately significant), about Basis B.Sc. Nursing distribution of chi-square value is 3.78 and p-value is 0.7 (Moderately significant). Undergone in-service educational programme distribution of chi-square value is 1.51 and p-value is 0.8* (Highly significant). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents interpreted from the results that there exist a significant association between knowledge and practices with age, educational qualification (general and B.Sc. Nursing), it was noticeable from the findings that, majority of health team members (87%) were never exposed to any in-service educational programme regarding biomedical waste management. This fact stressed the need to spread the message through conducting in-service educational programmes at tertiary care hospital Belagavi.

The proliferation of smart boards, interactive digital displays widely used in educational and corporate settings, has introduced significant advancements in communication and learning. However, their rapid adoption and relatively short lifespan contribute to the growing global electronic waste (e-waste) crisis. This review examines smart boards as an emerging source of e-waste, focusing on their composition, environmental and health impacts, and current management practices. Smart boards contain valuable materials like precious metals and hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and brominated flame retardants, posing risks when improperly disposed of. The study highlights challenges in smart board disposal, including limited recycling infrastructure, lack of standardized regulations, and low public awareness. Sustainable solutions, such as eco-friendly design, advanced recycling technologies, and circular economy models, are proposed to mitigate these issues. By integrating green manufacturing and enhanced policy frameworks, this review aims to provide a roadmap for managing smart board e-waste effectively, ensuring environmental sustainability and public health protection.

The article has two portions. The first portion is regarding the Solid Waste Management (SWM) in the city of Indore. The second portion is about the management of agricultural residue. The case study is regarding the cleanest city in India as per the Swacch Bharat Abhiyan. The process through which the city remains clean is multidimensional. One of the dimensions is Solid Waste Management (SWM). The article describes how the SWM is carried out & simultaneously it describes the other modalities of SWM. The second part is centred on the management of agricultural residues. Further, the concept of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) and the standard composition of compost are the subjects that are detailed upon in this section. A sustainable environment can only be achieved through the rollout of these two key aspects across the nation. This is only possible with a cooperative federal structure that acts proactively. One of the technology that the article discusses as a cross cutting issue is In Situ Vitrification of Soil (ISVS). It is a technology used to treat contaminated soil & buried waste by melting into a stable glass like material. From the management of solid wastes, the nation is moving towards the liquid wastes. Managing liquid wastes is far more challenging than the solid and it is here that the SBM 2.0 is venturing into. This is the reason why in the city sanitation plans, the setting up of Sewerage Treatment Plants is very crucial. Further, lots of STPs are constructed but these STPs do not function optimally.

The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan under the auspices of the World Bank, has long been hailed as a landmark agreement in Tran’s boundary water management. Despite its success in facilitating the equitable distribution of the Indus River system’s waters, the treaty has not been without tensions. This paper explores the underlying political, environmental, and geopolitical strains that challenge the stability of the IWT. It delves into historical grievances, regional power dynamics, and evolving climate pressures that have heightened concerns over water security for both nations. Additionally, the study examines how infrastructural developments, such as dam constructions and hydropower projects, exacerbate mistrust, contributing to the fragile state of the treaty. While the Indus Rivers continue to flow, the hidden tensions risk destabilizing regional cooperation and threaten long-term water sustainability in South Asia. The analysis underscores the need for adaptive policy frameworks, enhanced diplomatic engagement, and comprehensive environmental assessments to preserve the integrity of the Indus Waters Treaty in an era of growing resource scarcity and geopolitical uncertainty.