Indian Journal of Surgical Nursing

MODY diabetes is Maturity onset diabetes of the young. It is rare, accounting for just 1% - 2% of all diabetes. MODY patients displayed a familial form of noninsulin – depenedent diabetes. Maturity-onset of diabetes of the young, or MODY, is a form of diabetes that is caused by mutations in a number of different genes. MODY is a form of monogenic diabetes. Each different mutated gene causes a slightly different type of diabetes. The most common forms are HNF1á-MODY (MODY3) and GCK-MODY (MODY2), due to mutations in the HNF1A and GCK genes, respectively. MODY is typically diagnosed in late childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.  However, it has been known to develop in adults as late as their 50s.  Many people with MODY are misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, a diagnosis of MODY could change the course of treatment and could help to identify other family members with MODY. MODY forms of diabetes are caused by at least nine different genes, some related to each other in function and some not. The commercially available MODY gene test suite only tests for six of these genes. MODY genes have one major thing in common—they are “monogenic” which means that you only need to inherit one copy of the gene to display the disorder that the gene causes. MODY forms of diabetes were long believed to affect around 2% of all people diagnosed with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, a study of 586 children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes found that a full 8% of them were actually carrying one of the three most common MODY genes. It is likely that a similar number of people diagnosed with Type 2 may also have one of these genetic forms of diabetes, too.

Keywords: MODY - Maturity onset diabetes of the young; HNF -  Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor; IPF - Insulin Promoter Factor; BLK - B-lymphocyte tyrosin kinase.

Non Communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more than 36 million people each year.
·    Nearly 80% of NCD deaths - 29 million - occur in low- and middle-income countries.
·    More than nine million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur before the age of 60; 90% of these “premature”         deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries.
·    Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.3 million people annually, followed by cancers (7.6         million), respiratory diseases (4.2 million), and diabetes (1.3 million).
·    These four groups of diseases account for around 80% of all NCD deaths.
·    They share four risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets.[1]

Keywords: Non-communicable diseases,Chronic respiratory diseases and Cardiovascular disease.

 N/A

CHARGE syndrome was initially defined as a non-random association of anomalies. In 1981, an expert group defined the major (the classical 4 c”s: Choanal atresia, coloboma of the eye, characteristics of ears, cranial nerve anomalies) and minor criteria CHARGE syndrome. Individual with all 4 major characteristics or three major and three minor characteristics are highly like to have CHARGE syndrome. It affects approximately 1:10,000 births world wide. Recently (2004) researchers have discovered a genetic link, specifically, a strong association between the CHARGE phenotype and a mutation of the CHD7. The official name of this gene is “chromadomain helicase DNA binding protein 7” and CHD7 is the gene’s official symbol. The Children with CHARGE syndrome requires intensive medical management as well as numerous surgical interventions.[1]

Keywords: CHARGE; Choanal atresia; Coloboma.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a condition in which opioid impact will be in neonates by the over usage of pregnant women. Incidence rate revealed that one baby per hour affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome. And it widely affecting gastro intestinal, autonomic and central nervous system. Etiology implies misuse of licit or illicit drugs. This article covering the management which includes the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities and this article contain how can assess the newborn with the help of a modified Finnegan scoring system to identify the withdrawal symptoms. And some innovations in treatments are implemented now days are also embedded in this article. Finally this article winding up with the preventive measures for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Keywords: Neonatal abstinence syndrome; Newborn; Opioids; Finnegan scale; Morphine; Methadone.