Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

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Alopecia is one of the most common dermatological disorders, which is of great concern recently. The probable role of Demodex folliculorum as an inflammatory activator resulting in such condition has been reported rarely. Here, we describe a case of an adult male who presented with patchy hair loss for one month suggestive of alopecia androgenetica. Microbiological examination (wet mount) preparation revealed the presence of an ectoparasite: Demodex folliculorum. This infiltrates the sebaceous glands of hair follicles and causes an immune response and inflammation of the surrounding tissue, resulting in hair fall. The patient was put on 1% gamaderm lotion and advised to improve hair care practices.

Key words: Demodex folliculorom, Androgenetic alopecia 

Delivery and survival of a malformed baby is a painful challenge, not only for the baby but also for the parents, doctors and the society. Though etiology behind this is largely unknown, however infectious etiologies cannot be ruled out that include viral, parasitic and bacterial. In this review it has been focussed on viral infections in human that are associated with congenital malformation. Human cytomegalovirus, Rubella virus, Varicella-Zoster virus and Herpes-Simplex Virus are among the major culprits. Here different aspects i.e. mechanism behind the malformation, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis , management as well as prophylactic measures that could be taken to prevent them have been summarized with maximum emphasis on the laboratory diagnosis of individual viral agent. As malformation cannot be reverted every effort should be meant to prevent it. This can be done by routine screening of susceptible females who want to conceive or are pregnant.

Key words: Congenital infection; Teratogenic; Viruses.  

BCG is presently most studied immunostimulating agent which is able to stimulate delayed type of hypersesitivity (DTH) reaction by activating macrophages (Florentin etal 1976) we have taken diagnosed cases of HD (Hodgkin disease), patient from cancer hospital and research institute Gwalior. The studies are carried under the supervision of cancer specialist and clinician for correlation of Results. The beneficial effect was evaluated by observing improved clinical responses with regression of tumor and increase of life span of these patients. These patients were given BCG immunotherapy along with definitive therapy in various combinations. Therefore this study has been under taken with the aim and objectives. 1. To study of immunostimulatory effect of BCG in cases of Hodgkins lymphoma. 2. To evaluate immunotherapy of HD in correlation with clinical stages of disease.

Key words: (HI) Hodgkin’s lymphoma; BCG (Bacillus calmette Guerin).  

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anemia in the community as a hospital-based study and to assess the influence of co-factors by using basic screening tests in Pilar Health Center in Andaman Nicobar Islands.Material and methods: In three months, among the patients who were admitted, all patients with clinical suspicion of anemia and confirmed with hemoglobin estimation were included and investigated for malaria and leptospira as cause of anemia. The initial rapid diagnosis of malaria was confirmed with species identification by smear. Clinically suspected cases of leptospirosis were confirmed with IgM antibodies for leptospira. Intervention: For patients with anemia, dietary advice and parenteral therapy of Vitcofol injection and iron Dextran therapy were given. Chloroquine therapy was started followed by a dose of Primaquine for patients with malaria. The patients with leptospirosis were started on Crystalline Penicillin which was given six hourly for five days. Results: A total of 980 patients were admitted;120 patients (17%) were diagnosed with malaria. Severity of anemia as shown by Grade 3 was seen more in malaria cases than in control group. Odds ratio = 1.69 indicated a positive association between anemia and malaria. Severe anemia was seen in third decade, both in malaria and leptospira cases probably due to the mobility of adult patients and accessibility to Port Blair. 48.9% of the population examined was anemic, indicating extent of anemia in the population. Age and accessibility play a major role in anemia in malaria and leptospirosis and in their clinical outcome.

Key words: Anemia; Malaria; Leptospirosis; Andaman Islands.  

Background: The quality of platelet concentrates (PCs) is an important issue in transfusion therapy. Under blood bank storage conditions, platelets undergo a series of physical, metabolic & physiological changes which influence their lifespan. Aim: To assess effect of storage on the quality of PCs by various parameters in order to increase the lifespan Method: PCs prepared from healthy blood donors were included. The platelet indices including mean platelet volume, plateletcrit and platelet count, CD41 as a measure of function, pH, glucose levels and platelet derived cytokines RANTES (by ELISA) wereanalyzed. Eleven PCs were included and analyzed for above parameters on Day 0 (day of collection), Day 3 and Day 5. Results: The significant changes in parameters over Days 0, 3 and 5 included 1) Fall in glucose levels: From a mean of 495.3 on Day 0 to 366.7 mg/dl on Day 3. The decrease in levels was statistically significant (p<0.01)2) pH fell from 7.68 (Day 0) to 7.27 on Days 3 and 7 on day 5. Two PC bags reached a pH of 6 on Day 5, which is the limit for platelet viability.3) Platelet count and CD 41 antigenicity did not show significant variation (p>0.5)4) RANTES levels were markedly increased (11875pg/ml on day 5)Conclusion:Measurement of platelet indices with pH can serve as quality indicator for PC. Marked increase in RANTES indicates lifespan of PCs cannot be extended beyond 5 days. Improvement in technologies in preparation, storage and filtration will enhance quality of PCs.

Key words: Platelet concentrates; Quality; Storage. 

Abstract 

Not Available

Background: Meningiomas constitute 13-26% of primary intracranial tumors and have predilection for females. Etiology is multifactorial including environmental causes. WHO classifies meningiomas into three grades based on various morphological criteria. Method: This study was carried out to correlate ER, PR expression, MIB-1 LI and traditional morphological prognostic markers of meningiomas. Sixty seven consecutive cases of meningioma, operated at a tertiary care neurosurgical centre, were analyzed for grade using routine Hematoxylin-Eosin stain; estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) status by immunohistochemistry; and proliferation index using MIB-1 labeling.Results: Majority were grade I neoplasms, with 11 being atypical and 05 anaplastic variants. The mean MIB-1 LI was 3.05%, 6.38% and 11.9% in grades I, II and III meningiomas respectively. ER expression was revealed in 20.89% cases with focal positivity, without any significance on correlation with grade, histology and gender. PR reactivity was found in 73% of the tumors. Higher positivity is found with low grade meningiomas, while high grade meningiomas are associated with negative PR expression. Unpaired t-test showed significant difference found in mean MIB-1 LI in PR positive and negative groups.Conclusion: PR and MIB-1 LI immunohistochemical staining emerged as useful supplements of routine histopathological assessment and can be used to provide additional information regarding behavior and response to treatment.

Keywords: Hormone receptor; Immunohistochemistry; Meningioma; Proliferation rate.