Indian Journal of Anatomy

Over the past decades, the application of “negative pressure” has evolved to a cornerstone in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds in almost all specialties. Continuous Intermittent, cyclic are the three types of Negative pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT). The cyclic NPWT system is similar to the intermittent mode in terms of using the same maximal sub atmospheric pressure, but the pressure never reaches zero in the cyclic mode. Cyclic application of “negative pressure” results in a superior local enhancement of cutaneous microcirculation with regards to blood flow and consecutive tissue oxygenation. In this article, cyclic NPWT was compared with other NPWT.

Embalming is the art and science of preserving cadavers or human remains by treating them with chemicals. The use of balms and balsams to impregnate the dead body for preservation has gained the name embalming. A well fixed and well embalmed cadaver is a great asset not only for anatomical dissection but also for research purposes and for viewing by friends, relatives or the public at the time of cremation. This article discusses the chemicals used in embalming, types and methods of embalming, modern preservation methods, the precautions to be taken and the medicolegal aspects related to embalming. Chemicals used in embalming are a variety of preservatives, disinfectant agents and additives which are combined in various proportions to produce the embalming fluid, the predominant chemical being formalin. The modern embalming process is of four types, arterial, cavity, hypodermic and surface embalming. In anatomical embalming, the 3 methods recommended are the gravity method, electric injector or Mechanical pump method and injection method which are described in detail. The processes used are injection, distribution, diffusion and drainage. Other modern methods underway are Thiel method of soft embalming, Plastination and Cryopreservation. Extra precautions need to be taken for cadavers carrying infections such as TB or HIV. Regarding covid-19, WHO recommendation is in alignment with CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) which state that Embalming is not recommended to avoid excessive manipulation of the body; Adults >60 years and immunosuppressed persons should not directly interact with the body

High velocity lower limb injuries due to the road traffic accidents will cause the loss of upper and lower limb extremities. In tertiary care centre, where orthopaedic Surgeons and plastic surgeons can work together in the centre for limb salvage. The role of the surgeons is to decide on the treatment plan to prevent further damage. In this case report we will assess the role of lower limb salvage guidelines in the treatment of lower limb and upper limb extremity injuries.