Indian Journal of Anatomy

The malformations of the sacrum which influence the free functioning of the spine go by the name of lumbarisation and sacralisation.1 In human being sacrum is a solid bony mass formed from 5 fused vertebrae in the posterior part of bony pelvis on which the upright spine sits.2 In foetus the segments of the sacrum were not fused, free to move like a tail and participate as an extension of the spine.1,2 Lumbarisation is a condition in which S1 vertebra is not fused& is free to move and participates along with lumbar vertebrae in spinal activity.1,2,3 Sacralisation of lumbar vertebrae is where (L5) segment is fused to the sacrum below.9,10
In the present study examined 50 sacra which are available in the dept. of Anatomy, Nri medical college, mangalgiri for the lumbarisation and sacralisation.
 

Background: Current radiological diagnosis of various cerebral dystrophy requires subjective judgment for comparing with the normal brain ventricular system dimensions, thereby knowledge of morphometric and size of normal ventricular system of brain is of paramount importance to understand these changes. Methods: For the present perspective study, computerized tomography (CT) of 500 patients (Males-339 and Females-161) were studied for the measurements of lateral ventricle, third ventricle and fourth ventricle and it was statistically analyzed. Results: The antero posterior extent of the body of the lateral ventricles on the right side was 75.23 ± 6.8 mm and on the left side was 71.02±7.78 mm; the length of the frontal horns on the right side was 28.2± 2.72 mm and on the left side was 27.7±2.9 mm respectively. The width and height of the fourth ventricle were 11.87±1.08 and 8.9±1.5 mm whereas width of the third ventricle was 5.58±2.10 mm. Conclusion: The present study has defined the morphometric measurements of the Brain ventricular system (BVS) such as lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle of the brain of normal individuals which has clinical correlations in diagnosis and for appropriate treatment.

Occipitalisation of atlas is an osseous anomaly in the region of the foramen magnum.1 This is important as skeletal abnormalities at this junction may result in sudden death.1,2
Material & Methods: During routine undergraduate osteology teaching, a dry skull with Occipitalisation of atlas was encountered in the department of Anatomy, nri medical college, mangalgiri, India.
Results: In this skull, both anterior and posterior arch along with transverse process of both sides of atlas were completely fused with occipital bone. Reduction in diameter of foramen magnum due to this condition can cause neurological complications due to compression of spinal cord or medulla oblongata, vertebral vessels, 1st cervical nerve, this knowledge of occipitalisation of the atlas is important toorthopaedicians, neurosurgeons, physicians and radiologists dealing with abnormalities of the cervical spine.

Introduction: The thyroideaima artery is an inconstant vessel with a highly variable rate of occurrence and origin. Its course in the superior mediastinum and lower neck is hazardous in median surgical approaches to these areas. Thyroideaima is a rare anomalous artery supplying the thyroid gland apart from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Fig. 1: Thyroideaima artery arising from arch of aorta.
Case Report: During routine dissection of embalmed male cadaver approximately 65 yearsold in the department of the Anatomy at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Ammapettai, Chennai, this variation was found in thorax region. Thyroideaima artery arising from arch of aorta. Clinical importance: It is of surgical importance in thyroid, parathyroid, tracheal and mediastinal surgeries.
Conclusion: Thyroideaima artery, although a rare arterial variation, a thorough regional anatomic knowledge and meticulous dissection will not only help us in identifying such a vascular variation, also help us in preventing an accidental injury.

Introduction: The femoral artery is the continuation of external iliac artery and it enters the femoral triangle behind the inguinal ligament at mid-inguinal point (mid-Point between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis). The profunda femoris artery usually arises from the lateral aspect of the femoral artery. The anatomical knowledge of the profunda femoris artery is very important to prevent inadvertent damage to it during clinical procedures.
Aim and Objectives: Aim of the present study was to discuss the variations in origin of the profunda femoris artery and their clinical significance.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 lower limbs in 20 embalmed human cadavers of unknown age, from the Department of Anatomy of Al–Falah School of Medical Science and Research Center, Dhauj, Faridabad.
Results: The most common site of origin of PFA is lateral aspect of FA. In the present study done on 40 lower limbs we found lateral, posterolateral, posterior and medial origins of profunda femoris artery. The most common range of the distance of origin of PFA from midinguinal point was 21 - 30 mm.
Conclusion: This study will be very helpful to the surgeons, radiologist and plastic surgeons to understand possible variations in Profunda femoris artery while performing procedures on FA.