Community and Public Health Nursing

Introduction: Children are the corner stone of a family and family is the corner of society and country. From the perspective of children, the Family is a “Family of orientation.” The Family serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. Teenage is a beautiful phase of life where dream are built and a child turns into an energetic and confident individual. Those are the years to foster moral principles, construct you’re their system and begin their journey in the right path. Methodology: Quantitative research approach and descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the 200 people from the selected urban and rural schools at Puducherry. The result showed that The overall level of family function showed that the most 86 of the adolescents in urban schools had a highly functional family, 12% had moderately dysfunctional family and 2% had sever dysfunctional family. Whereas in adolescents of rural school 79% had a highly functional family, 16% had moderately dysfunctional family and 5% had severed dysfunctional family. Conclusion: The present study revealed that in the level of family function. The urban school adolescents were highly family function than rural school adolescents. So, the adolescents were involved with their family function they improve their academic activities it is important for the adolescents to involve family function.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, it is the infection of the organ of a women reproductive system, is the one of the most serious infections of women today. Mainly inflammation and infection of the upper genital tract, they include the uterus, fallopian tube, and cervix. PID can cause serious problem if it’s not treated. Methodology: The quantitative Cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. 100 reproductive age women were selected by using purposive sampling technique and who were attending the OG clinic at selected CHC, Puducherry. Out of 100, 63 reproductive age women had PID symptoms, and cervical screening done. Data collection was done by self structured questionnaire. It has two section. Section A comprises of: Socio demographic variables and Section B consist of: Self structured checklist to identify the symptoms of PID and prevalence of CA cervix by Acetic acid test among Reproductive age women. Result: The finding showed that 63 (63%) of Reproductive age women had symptoms of PID and 37 (37%) of Reproductive age women had normal characteristics of cervix. Application of Acetic acid in Cervix, findings showed that 63 (100%) of Reproductive age women had no Aceto white areas. Conclusion: Majority of the reproductive age women had symptoms of PID and not aware of pelvic inflammatory disease. If create awareness will prevent pelvic inflammatory disease and associated problems.

Background: Hemorrhoids, also called as piles are masses or clumps of tissues which consist of muscle and elastic fibres with enlarged, bulging blood vessels and surrounding supporting tissues present in the anal canal of an individual. It is a condition characterized by the prolapsed of an anal cushion that may result in bleeding and pain.1 Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids. 2. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids. 3. To associate the findings with demographic variables. Material and Methods: Total 60 people, male and female were included in this study. Data regarding demographic and knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids was collected based on planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids. Results: There was a significant difference between pre-test and post test knowledge scores interpreting planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids. Mean value of pre-test is 3.87 and post test is 15.55 and a standard deviation value of pre-test is 1.420 and post test is 2.715. The paired t test value is 0.214 and p value is 0.101. Hence it is statistically interpreted that the planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of hemorrhoids is effective. Hence, the findings of this study reveal that the research hypothesis (H1) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Conclusion: The actual cause of hemorrhoids remains unknown. But it is proposed to be caused by temperament, body habits, customs, passions, sedentary life, tight-laced clothes and climate. Patients with spinal cord injuries constipation, chronic diarrhoea, poor bathroom habits, postponing bowel movements, and a poor-fibre diet are also considered to be contributing causes. Imparting knowledge regarding hemorrhoids help them to live quality of life and to take preventive measures to avoid its complications.

Background of the study: Cervical cancer is the one of the most common cancer in women. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical, anal, vulva, vaginal and penile cancers as well as genital warts. The quality of life of cervical cancer patients has captivated more and more attention. The quality of life at different clinical stages before and after therapy in order to provide and after therapy in order to provide evidence for preventing and treating cervical carcinoma1. Non-experimental study was carried out to assess the quality of life among women with cervical cancer, in radiation oncology department, SVIMS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected from 100 women, taking radiation oncology treatment in radiation oncology department, SVIMS, Tirupati. Significant findings in the study revealed that among 100 women 38% (38) shows moderate level of quality of life, 25% (25) had low level of quality of life, 37% (37) had high level of quality of life. There is a significant association between level of quality of life among women with cervical cancer with menstrual history, no. of children, no. of fractions at p < 0.01 level. Age, family income, religion, type of surgery were associated at p < 0.05 level. The conclusion suggest that the women’s having moderate level of quality of life receiving radiotherapy. The nurses in the hospital should workout a plan for educational programs based on their level of knowledge regarding quality of life among women with cervical cancer.

Introduction: Attitude place a vital role in molding shape of the individual as a person and a professional. Attitude of Nursing students influence their further career path selection which is of significant interest. Method: Under quantitative approach a descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted with 434 nursing student studying GNM, B.SC (Nsg), PBBSC, and M.Sc (Nsg) to assess the attitude towards chosen profession by covering all regions of India. The samples were accessed through direct contact, watts app, phone call or other mode (survey app). Nonrandom snowball sampling technique was adopted in this study to select the sample. The tool has demographic variables and 5-point Likert scale to measure attitude of the nursing students, which covers total 15 statements. Data collection method was self-report technique, a structured questioner was distributed to students through direct face to face contact and through Survey monkey mobile app. Consent was obtained from the participant based on the mode of conduct. The collected data were compiled for data analysis. Result: The level of attitude of nursing students towards chosen profession was favorable as the mean score was 63.41 with SD of 6.92. There were 99% of samples had favorable attitude towards chosen profession and no subgroup have significant association at p < 0.05 with level of attitude and all subgroup had favorable attitude towards chosen profession. Despite of different geographic region and different levels of professional qualification, the samples had nomuch difference in level of attitude. Conclusion: It was concluded that nursing students had highly favorable attitude towards chosen profession. The GNM, BSC nursing, PBBSC nursing and M.SC nursing students all had favorable attitude despiteof having different professional qualification.

Home visit refers to meeting the health needs of the people at their doorstep. It is one of the ways of providing comprehensive nursing care to the public.1,3 Though, medical technological advancements emerges greatly, minor health issues and communicable diseases was still prevailing in the community. So it is important to promote awareness through home visit especially by the community health nurses. Materials and Methods: The research approach used for this study was quantitative research approach and descriptive survey design was adopted. By using simple random sampling technique, 100 subjects were selected in rural and urban areas. In that, 50 subjects were from urban area and 50 subjects were from rural area. The researcher developed 5 point Likert scale to assess the attitude of people towards home visit among urban and rural people residing at Puducherry. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 54% of the people had favourable attitude, In that 46% of them in the rural area and only 8% of them in the urban area had favourable attitude towards home visit. Conclusion: Therefore it was evident that people residing in the rural area had more favourable attitude towards home visit compared to people residing in the urban area. As a community health nurse, it is our duty to promote and create awareness to the public about the importance of home visit to rule out the major health problems which will make them to show more favourable attitude towards home visit and protect themselves from major emerging diseases.

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma. It also may be transmitted to other parts of the body, including the meninges, kidney, bone and lymph nodes. Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes for death and leading cause of single infectious agent worldwide. India has managed to scale up basic TB services in the public health system. More than 10 million TB patients were getting treatment under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). Objective: to assess the level of knowledge on Pulmonary TB treatment regimen and follow up care among Primary Caregivers’ of patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and to find out the association between Primary Caregivers’ knowledge on Pulmonary TB treatment regimen and follow up care with selected demographic variables. Methodology: the research approach used for this study was quantitative research approach and the design selected was descriptive survey research design, 150 subjects were selected using simple random sampling technique the data was collected using structured questionnaire. Result revealed that with respect to general information, 73 (48.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 72 (48%) had adequate. With regard to treatment regiment, 124 (82.67%) had inadequate knowledge, Considering the frequency, 76 (50.67%) had moderate adequate knowledge, Regarding the follow–up care, 90 (60%) had moderate adequate knowledge. The overall level of knowledge revealed that 86 (57.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 57 (38%) had adequate knowledge and only 7 (4.67%) had inadequate knowledge. The result revealed that the demographic variables association with educational qualification, type of family, and duration of time statistically significant at the level of p < 0.001. and family history of TB statistically significant at the level of p < 0.01. Conclusion: Caregivers’ to mandatorily have adequate knowledge regarding tuberculosis treatment regimen and follow up care to provide complete care to facilitate patient’s adherence to drug regimen and there by prevent spreading tuberculosis to achieve the goal “End TB”.

Background: The eventual moulding of a person’s identity and ability depends on his nature, surroundings and quality of eye sight. The eyes are wonderful sensory organs, which help the people to learn about the world in which they live. The visual system constructs a mental representation of the world surround us. After cataract, the refractive error is the second largest cause of treatable blindness. Aim: To teach eye exercise and refer them to higher institution. Subjects and Methods: Quantitative approach design was used for the study. Cluster sampling technique were used to select school, simple random (lottery method) was used to select the class. Total sample was 420 primary school children in selected schools at Puducherry. Data collection was done with structured questionnaire to assess clinical variables and snellen’s chart to assess visual acuity. It has three section. Section A: Demographic variables, Section B: Clinical variables and Section C: A complete eye examination which included inspection of eye and visual acuity. Snellen’s chart (E chart and alphabet chart) was used to assess the visual acuity of primary children. The Resultrevealed that in the Right eye 56 (13.3%) of children had myopia whereas 364 (86.7%) had normal vision and in Left eye 57 (13.6%) of children had myopia whereas 363 (86.4%) had normal vision. Considering the association between the Visual impairment of Right Eye and Left Eye among primary school children with their selected demographic variables is it was found that the demographic variables on mothers wearing spectacles and siblings wearing spectacles had a highly statistical association at the level of p < 0.001 in the right eye and gender, mothers education had shown significant association in the left eye at the level of p < 0.001. Association between the Visual impairment of Right Eye and left eye with their selected clinical variables pain in eyes had shown significant association at the level of p < 0.05. Conclusion: The Researcher concluded that the parents, and teachers must be educated about the early detection of refractive error, eye exercise and correction with spectacles to prevent progression of visual impairment. Periodical eye screening of school children is needed.