Community and Public Health Nursing

Health is the precious possession of all human being as it is an asset for an individual and community as well. Today health is recognized as a fundamental right of human being. Nowadays the major health problems in India are more in rural as well as urban areas. In rural areas mosquito borne disease are more due to unhygienic practices. Mosquito are the most important vectors of human infectious disease like malaria, Dengue, Filaria and Chikungunya. This mosquito came more human suffering than any other organism. Over one million people die from mosquito-borne disease every year. Today, dengue fever is considered one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases in humans in terms of morbidity and mortality. So researcher felt that is vital that children’s should possess knowledge on some vector born diseases especially dengue fever and its prevention. The research approach adopted in the present study was evaluative approach, and research design was one group pre test and post test design which belongs to pre-experimental design. Purposive Non random sampling technique was used to select the school as well as the sample. The sample size was of 60 children’s of aged between 10 to 18 years. Data were collected by using structured interview schedule and structured teaching programme was intervened, again after a gap of seven days post test was conducted with the same tool. Result showed that the pre test mean score was 14.03 (S.D =4.190) and in post test it was 22.80 (S.D =1.538) which indicated an improvement in the knowledge level of the respondents after structured teaching programme.

 A pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test without control group was undertaken at urban area in Latur. 40 adolescent girls selected through Nonprobability convenient sampling technique to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge and attitude on Breast self-examination among the adolescent girls. The overall mean knowledge score of adolescent, girls during pre- test was 6.24±3.58 (SD) which is 31.36% of the total mean score, whereas during post–test, it was 5.8±1.09 (SD) which is 87.30% of the total mean score. Depicting difference of 55.93% increase in mean percentage of score. It reveals that the structured teaching program was effective among adolescents’ girls. Reveals that adolescent girls had gained adequate knowledge. It is observed that during pre-test the adolescent girls had poor overall knowledge whereas it was good after the implementation of structured teaching program. Highly significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test knowledge score. The study shows breast self-examination and its health effects was effective to improve the knowledge & attitude of adolescent girls at urban areas, Latur.

Bangladesh is a developing country where 75% of total population lives in rural area. Subsequently they have poor healthcare access as 26% of rural professionals remain vacant and nearly 40%, absent. Although official documents indicate that 80% of the population has access to affordable essential drugs, there is plenty of evidence of a scarcity of essential drugs in government healthcare facilities. Nearly 45% rural people take medical assessment from unqualified health workers including medical assistants, mid-wives, village doctors, community health workers in comparison to that by qualified medical graduates (only 10%-20%). More than 75% women having complications sought treatment from an unqualified provider. These are mostly because concern over medical costs, and pronounced socioeconomic disparities found for care-seeking behavior in both urban and rural Bangladesh. However, the government's expenditure on health is the third largest in the country, after education and defense. Diabetes is a complicated chronic disease; non-compliant patients are in a risk of moderate to severe complications, to much extent unexplored to maximum people of Bangladesh. Annually diabetes is responsible for 5% of all deaths globally, and its prevalence is increasing steadily.As reported by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 75–80% of people with diabetes die due to cardiovascular complications.

 Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. Children who are obese are above the normal weight for their age and height. Obesity is a condition in which an individual is above the normal weight for his/her age and height. Obesity in children termed as childhood obesity. The more weight is gained by excessive fat accumulation which impairs health and leads to various body functioning disorders like thyroid diseases, diabetes, etc. If Body mass index (BMI) is more than 85%, will be considered as overweight and if it is above 95% it will be considered as the individual is obese.

 Health of the children has been considered as the vital importance to all societies because children are the future resources of mankind. Children are future citizens of our country. Statement of Problem: A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding management of fever among mothers of under five children in Amala institute of medical sciences & Research center, Thrissur. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of mothers of under-five regarding fever management, To find out association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables, To prepare an information leaflet on fever management. The research approach adopted for this study is non experimental quantitative approach. The research design selected for this study is descriptive design. Population in this study consisted of mothers having children below five years of age sample in this study consisted of 50 mothers of under five children who were admitted in pediatric wards and OPD of Amala Institute of Medical Sciences. Convenient sampling was adopted for the study. Results: 2% of mothers were found to have very good knowledge. 27% of mothers having good knowledge. 21% of mothers having average knowledge. From the findings, it is found that there are association with income and usage of thermometer and knowledge of mothers. No association with selected demographic variables such as age, birth order, type of family. Nurse educators should continuously update their knowledge with latest research findings and provide health education programmes to mothers.

 Introduction: Ageing is a global phenomenon. India is no exception to this demographic transition. The problems and issues of its greying population occupy the back seat. It is projected that the proportion of Indians aged 60 and older will rise from 7.5% in 2010 to 11.1% in 2025. Ignoring their needs and rights and leaving them unaddressed can pose a great threat to our social development. (Mane Abhay B, 2016). Methodology: A quantitative approach with experimental pretest, posttest design was used. Hundred samples were collected by convenience sampling technique as per inclusion criteria and divided them into experimental and control groups. Validity and reliability of tools were obtained. Nurse Led Intervention was administered to the experimental group and post test was done. After posttest Nurse led interventions were administered to control group to avoid ethical issues. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Result: Post test result indicated that the mean post test scores were significantly reduced than the mean pre- test score (p<0.001). The findings of the present study highlight the fact that the Nurse Led Intervention was highly significant to reduce psychosocial problems among institutionalized elderly. Conclusion: Study findings provide initial evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and sustained effects of the nurse-led intervention in improving outcomes, reducing use of expensive health services, and improving psychosocial health of elderly.

Context: The only staffs that are present always in any hospital, with or without the presence of other staff, are the nursing staff. Obviously, nursing staff are the backbones of hospitals. To perform duties properly, they should maintain physical and mental wellbeing, because any deterioration of their health would, in turn, affect the health of the patients they are attending to. So, assessment of the health of nursing staff is essential. Aims: Assessment of health of nursing staff can be done in many ways, for example, by measurement of status of the important antioxidant, vitamin E. So, aim of the work described here was to evaluate whether there was any change in serum vitamin E levels in nursing staff of different shifts, and if so, to determine the degree of significance in the change. Settings and Design: The study included sixteen nursing staff from the day shift, and age and sex-matched sixteen staff from the night shift, from the indoor patient departments. Methods and Material: Serum vitamin E levels were assayed in all subjects. Statistical analysis used: Comparison of two groups was undertaken using SPSS. Results: Serum vitamin E levels were significantly decreased in night shift nursing staff with respect to those of day shift. Conclusions: The results suggest that decrease of vitamin E levels in serum may be related to night shift duty and stress. Vitamin E may be considered as a useful biomarker of antioxidant status in night shift duty and stress, and can help in monitoring and possible remedial strategy.

 Breast cancer is a major public health issue and most commonly diagnosed for women worldwide. Breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancer in women. It is estimated nearly 1.7 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide in 2012. This represents about 12% of new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge on breast cancer among antenatal mothers. The study was conducted at mamandur SRM rural health centre, Kancheepuram district. A total of 50 samples were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The tool used for the study comprises of 2 sections, section A- Demographic Data (which includes: age, religion, type of family, educational status, area of residence, income) and section B- a structured questionnaire developed by the investigator which indicates 25 questions to assess the level of knowledge on breast cancer among antenatal mothers. The findings of the study revealed that 32 (64.0%) of antenatal mothers had inadequate knowledge, 18 (36.0%) of antenatal mothers had moderate knowledge and none of them are having adequate knowledge. Therefore adolescent girls and women of all age group must be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of breast lump to facilitate rapid identification and transport of patient to the hospital.

Introduction: Cirrhosis is a complication of many liver diseases characterized by abnormal structure and function of the liver. The diseases that lead to cirrhosis do so because they injure and kill liver cells, after which the inflammation and repair that is associated with the dying liver cells cause scar tissue to form. The liver cells that do not die multiply in an attempt to replace the cells that have died. This results in clusters of newly formed liver cells (regenerative nodules) within the scar tissue. Objective of the study: To assess the existing awareness and attitude regarding cirrhosis of liver among arts and science college students. Methods: The research design adopted for this study was Non-experimental descriptive correlation design, with the sample size of 40 students studying in Padmashree institute of management and sciences, Bengaluru. The sampling technique used was probability simple random sampling technique. The tool used were section - A Socio-demographic Performa of the arts and science college students, section - B structured knowledge questionnaire regarding cirrhosis of liver and Section - C Likert’s attitude scale regarding cirrhosis of liver. Data was analyzed by using Descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The sample of 40 was assessed regarding their awareness and attitude regarding cirrhosis of liver, in awareness majority of the students had inadequate awareness 22 (55%). Regarding the attitude level, 19 (47.5%) had neutral attitude. Conclusion: The results reveal that maximum number 22 (55%) of them were having inadequate awareness regarding cirrhosis of liver, 18 (45%) of them have moderate adequate awareness regarding cirrhosis of liver and none of them have adequate awareness regarding cirrhosis of liver. Among total 40 majority 19 (47.5%) have neutral attitude (50-75), 15 (37.5%) have favorable attitude (>75) and only 6 (15%) have unfavorable attitude (<50) regarding Cirrhosis of liver.