Full Text (PDF)
Review Article

Why to Reduce Women Imprisonment in India

Niharikaa Awasthy

Author Information

Licence:

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Indian Journal of Legal Medicine 2(2):p 105-109, July-Dec 2023. | DOI: N.A

How Cite This Article:

Awasthy N. Why to Reduce Women Imprisonment in India. Indian Journal of Legal Medicine. 2023;2(2):105-109.

Timeline

Received : September 07, 2023         Accepted : October 11, 2023          Published : December 29, 2023

Abstract

In many countries, the proportion of women incarceration has skyrocketed and is fast rising. This has surpassed the number of males incarceration. It is obvious that women prison is the most neglected area of the criminal justice system. The best way to say it is that criminal justice is created by men for men. The truth is that women's rights have always been questioned and jeopardised in prisons or outside prison walls. According to the most recent data available from the end of 2015, Indian prisons detained 17,834 women. Only 17% of these women are imprisoned in purely female prisons, with the rest kept in female enclosures of general prison systems. National and international organisations agree that the conditions of prisons and the women who live in them must be urgently improved (Women in Prisons India, 2018).


References

  • 1.   Cracknell, M. (2021). The resettlement net: ‘revolving door’ imprisonment and carceral (re) circulation. Punishment & Society, p.146247 452110358. doi:10.1177/14624745211035837.
  • 2.   Daly, K. and Proietti-Scifoni, G. (2011). Reparation and Restoration. [online] Semantic Scholar. doi:10.1093/OXFORDHB/ 9780195395082.013.0008.
  • 3.   Dhami, M.K., Mantle, G. and Fox, D. (2009). Restorative justice in prisons. Contemporary Justice Review, 12(4), pp.433–448. doi:10.1080/10282580903343027.
  • 4.   Factly (n.d.). How much is spent on a prisoner in India? [online] Newslaundry. Available at: https://www.newslaundry.com/2016/06/22/ how-much-is-spent-on-a-prisoner-in-india [Accessed 7 May 2022].
  • 5.   Jain, K.S.R.R. (2020). Effective and Humane Restoration of Prisoners With Special Reference to India. Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice, p.251660692090429.doi:10.1177/25166069209 04296.
  • 6.   Morris, A. (1987). Women, crime, and criminal justice. Oxford, Uk ; New York, Ny, Usa: B. Blackwell.
  • 7.   Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Raychaudhuri, H.C. and Datta, K. (1988). An advanced History of India. Madras Macmillan.
  • 8.   samantha. young (2008). ECOSOC Resolution 2002/13 Action to promote effective crime prevention. [online] Available at: https://www. unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prisonreform/crimeprevention/resolution_2002-13. pdf.
  • 9.   Statista. (n.d.). India: prison spending per inmate by state 2020. [online] Available at: https://www. statista.com/statistics/1211682/india-prisonspending-per-inmate-by-state/ [Accessed 7 May 2022].
  • 10.   TANKEBE, J. (2010). Tackling Prison Overcrowding: Build More Prisons? Sentence Fewer Offenders? by M. Hough, R. Allen and E. Solomon. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 49(5), pp.552–553. doi:10.1111/j.1468- 2311.2010.00643_5.x.
  • 11.   Tata, C. (1997). Conceptions and Representations of the Sentencing Decision Process. Journal of Law and Society, 24(3), pp.395–420. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6478.1997.tb00004.x.
  • 12.   Tata, C. (2020). Sentencing : a social process : rethinking research and policy. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing Ag Switzerland.
  • 13.   Times of India Blog. (2022). Major problems of prison system in India. [online] Available at: https://times of india.indiatimes.com/ readersblog/shubham-kashyap/major-problems -of-prison-system-in-india-40079/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2022].
  • 14.   Undocs.org. (2022). A/Res/67/187. [online] Available at: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile ?FinalSymbol=A%2FRes%2F67%2F187&Languag e=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=Fal se [Accessed 7 May 2022].
  • 15.   United Nation (2018). Women in Conflict with the Law. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/ default/files/Documents/Publications/ PractitionerToolkit/WA2J_Module4.pdf.
  • 16.   United Nations (1990). United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules). [online] Available at: https://www. ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ ProfessionalInterest/tokyorules.pdf.
  • 17.   United Nations (2015). General Assembly. https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc. asp?symbol=A/RES/70/175.
  • 18.   van den Bergh, B., Gatherer, A., Fraser, A. and Moller, L. (2011). Imprisonment and women’s health: concerns about gender sensitivity, human rights and public health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, [online] 89(9), pp.689–694. doi:10.2471/blt.10.082842.
  • 19.   WOMEN IN PRISONS INDIA. (2018). [online] Available at: https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/ files/Prison%20Report%20Compiled.pdf.
  • 20.   www.un.org. (n.d.). CEDAW 29th Session 30 June to 25 July 2003. [online] Available at: https:// www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/ econvention.htm.

Data Sharing Statement

There are no additional data available.

Funding

This research received no funding.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.

Ethics Declaration

This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.

Acknowledgements

Information not provide.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.


About this article


Cite this article

Awasthy N. Why to Reduce Women Imprisonment in India. Indian Journal of Legal Medicine. 2023;2(2):105-109.


Licence:

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Received Accepted Published
September 07, 2023 October 11, 2023 December 29, 2023

DOI: N.A

Keywords

IncarcerationRestorativeRestorative JusticeWomen Offenders

Article Level Metrics

Last Updated

Friday 31 July 2026, 15:24:27 (IST)


838

Accesses

7
378
00

Citations


NA
NA
NA

Download citation


Article Keywords


Keyword Highlighting

Highlight selected keywords in the article text.


Timeline


Received September 07, 2023
Accepted October 11, 2023
Published December 29, 2023

licence


Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Access this article



Share