Abstract

Crime has led to a worldwide increase with a main weapon of offence including not only a physical object but show the incidences of involvement of chemicals also. Chemical warfare agents are one such example commonly employed by large group of people, mainly violent criminals who not only wants to create a terror or threat in the world but to cause war scale destruction. There are numerous of incidents reported from past showing the involvement of hazardous chemicals for committing crimes. Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) are synthetic chemicals used in the warfare as weapons, which are highly toxic and lethal to the extent that can cause temporary incapacitation, permanent health damage and even death of the targets. Common examples of these agents are nerve agents, vesicants, incapacitating agents, blood agents, and riots control agents. These agents are variedly classified as per the above-mentioned categories depending onto the effects and adverse effects they poses on human health and on society. The rate of crime commission using these hazardous agents is very rapid, thus making it an issue of serious concern to take measures to prevent innocent individuals.

• 1.   https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/6364/ chapter/6 Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response (1999) Chapter:4 Detection and Measurement of Chemical Agents National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/6364.
• 2.   Pacsial-Ong, Eden Joy. “Chemical Warfare Agent Detection a Review of Current Trends and Future Perspective.” Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. S5, no. 2, 2013, pp. 516–543., doi:10.2741/s387.
• 3.   Diauudin, Farah Nabila, et al. “A Review of Current Advances in the Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents Based Biosensor Approaches.” Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, vol. 26, 2019, p. 100305., doi:10.1016/j. sbsr.2019.100305.
• 4.   Srinjoy Chowdhury, India readies to face nuclear, biological and chemical warfare challenges, 4th August, 2022.https://www.timesnownews.com/ india/india-readies-to-face-nuclear-biological-andchemical-warfare-challenges-article-93352483.
• 5.   Animesh Roul, Nerve Agents’: Potent Chemical Weapon for War, Terrorism and Assassinations!, January-June 2017, Volume: 10, Issue 1, https://idsa. in/cbwmagazine/nerve-agents-potent-chemicalweapon-for-war-terrorism-and-assassinations.
• 6.   h t t p s : / / e c o n o m i c t i m e s . i n d i a t i m e s . c o m / news/defence/india-deeply-worried-onreports-of-isis-acquiring-chemical-weapons/ articleshow/64948922.cms?from=mdr.
• 7.   James A. Romano, Jr. Brian J. Lukey Harry Salem, Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, CRC Press, 2008.
• 8.   D. Hank Ellison, Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, CRC Press, 2000.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding