Abstract

People are starting to see climate-smart farming as an important way to make farming more resilient, productive, and environmentally friendly in the face of climate change. This analysis looks at methods that agribusinesses might adopt climate-smart practices, with a focus on soil health and carbon sequestration. The paper highlighted the scientific and financial reasons for using soil-centered methods like conservation tillage, cover cropping, bio-char, and regenerative agriculture as the main tools for making the climate more resilient. It also looks at how these approaches could be used in new carbon markets, where farmers and agribusinesses can make money by selling carbon credits. The main problems are looked at, such as how to test and verify soil carbon, how to get money, how complicated the rules are, and how ready the market is. Lastly, the review finds policy frameworks, digital technologies, and collaboration models that can help speed up large-scale adoption. The research says that connecting soil health measures with participation in the carbon market is a alternative for agribusiness to make money while also helping the environment.

• 1.   Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B. M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., & Torquebiau, E. F. (2014). Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature Climate Change, 4(12), 1068–1072. https://doi. org/10.1038/nclimate2437
• 2.   Paustian, K., Lehmann, J., Ogle, S., Reay, D., Robertson, G. P., & Smith, P. (2016). Climatesmart soils. Nature, 532(7597), 49–57. https:// doi.org/10.1038/nature17174
• 3.   Lal, R. (2016). Soil health and carbon management. Food and Energy Security, 5(4), 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.96
• 4.   Bossio, D. A., Cook-Patton, S. C., Ellis, P. W., Fargione, J., Sanderman, J., Smith, P., & Griscom, B. W. (2020). The role of soil carbon in natural climate solutions. Nature Sustainability, 3(5), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41893-020-0491-z.
• 5.   Balo, S., & Mahata, S. (2022). A review of climate-smart agriculture as a new approach to farming system. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12(11), 2682– 2692. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/ v12i1131186
• 6.   Zhang, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2023). A review of climate-smart agriculture: Recent advancements, challenges, and future directions. Sustainability, 15(4), 3404. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su15043404.
• 7.   Bhattacharyya, P., Pathak, H., & Pal, D. (2020). Climate-smart agriculture: Concepts, challenges, and opportunities. Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-981-15-9132-7.
• 8.   Bossio, D. A., Cook-Patton, S. C., Ellis, P. W., Fargione, J., Sanderman, J., Smith, P., … Griscom, B. W. (2020). The role of soil carbon in natural climate solutions. Nature Sustainability, 3(5), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41893-020-0491-z
• 9.   Lal, R. (2020). Soil organic matter content and crop yield. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/0038076 8.2020.1719538
• 10.   World Bank. (2016). Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: Potential and challenges. Agriculture Global Practice Discussion Paper. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/24463

Data Sharing Statement

Funding