Abstract

Background: Pain is increasingly recognized as a complex experience influenced by physical, psychological, and social factors. Traditional biomedical models of pain often overlook sociocultural dimensions that are critical for a holistic understanding, especially in fields like physiotherapy. Objective: This review aims to explore the sociological dimensions of pain and their implications for physiotherapy practice, emphasizing the need for a biopsychosocial approach to pain management. Methods: A narrative review approach was used to analyze literature on sociocultural influences on pain, focusing on aspects such as cultural norms, gender roles, and social support networks, as well as psychosocial factors like emotional responses and coping mechanisms. Findings: he review highlights how cultural norms shape pain perception and communication, how gender influences both pain expression and treatment biases and how social support impacts pain management outcomes. Additionally, psychosocial factors— including cognitive attention, emotional responses, and coping strategies—are essential in modulating the pain experience. Implications: For physiotherapists, understanding these sociocultural influences is crucial for delivering patient-centered care. Incorporating cultural competency, gender sensitivity, and psychosocial evaluation into practice can enhance treatment outcomes and improve patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Adopting a biopsychosocial approach allows physiotherapists to provide more effective and equitable care, ultimately promoting a comprehensive understanding of pain. Future research and professional development in these areas are recommended to further advance physiotherapy practice.

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