Abstract

Postoperative maxillary cysts, also termed as surgical ciliated cysts (SCCs), arise from the entrapment of nasal or maxillary sinus mucosa following surgical procedures involving the maxilla and mandible, due to transplantation of respiratory mucosa. Clinical presentation varies according to cyst size, location, direction of growth, and degree of bone resorption. In the maxilla, they are most commonly located along the lateral wall and may extend into the orbital floor or ethmoid sinuses. Radiographically, they appear as well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesions closely associated with the maxillary sinus. Objective: To report a clinical case of a surgical ciliated cyst (SCC) of the maxilla following tooth extraction. Case Report: A 50-year-old male presented with chief complaint of swelling in the right upper posterior region of the jaw and a history of dental treatment. On the basis of clinical and radiographic findings the treatment was planned. Complete enucleation was performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Discussion: Surgical ciliated cysts are rare in Western populations but more commonly reported in Asian countries. Their etiology is attributed to the entrapment of respiratory mucosa in the maxilla or mandible during or shortly after surgery. SCCs are benign, slow-growing lesions that radiographically appear as well-defined, unilocular radiolucency closely associated with the maxillary sinus. Histopathology typically demonstrates pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with areas of squamous epithelium. Complete enucleation is the treatment of choice.

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