Abstract

Nutrition is one of the major determinants of immune competence in animals; as it influences general physiological, strength disease resistence susceptibility to infections. There should be constant nutriens supply to the immune system to maintain its function in cell proliferation, signal transduction pathways and effector functions. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused to make nutritional strategies to enhance immune function, vaccine efficacy and reduce reliance on antibiotics in animal production systems. Whereas, vitamins and trace minerals regulate immune signaling pathways, gene expression and antioxidant protection, macronutrients such as protein, lipids and carbohydrates provide structural components and metabolic support. Functional feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, phytogenics and β -glucans possess an enormous potential for modulating both systemic and gut-associated immunity. This paper integrates current knowledge on the influence of nutrition in regulating immune system of livestock and pet animals, underlying mechanisms and practical feeding strategies. Emerging concept of precision nutrition and nutrigenomics are also here. The integration of the immune system in the overall health management in animals can provide sustainable health and nutrition solutions in line with One Health approach.

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