Abstract

Background: Sex estimation is vital in forensic identification. The nasopalatine canal (NPC), often preserved in skeletal remains and visible on CBCT, shows potential for sexual dimorphism, though population-specific data is scarce. This study evaluated NPC morphometrics for sex determination. Methodology: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 250 CBCT scans (125 males, 125 females) were analyzed. Standardized measurements of NPC length, upper (nasal) diameter, and lower (incisive) diameter were taken. Canal shape was classified. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: Significant sexual dimorphism was found. Males had significantly greater NPC length (10.95±2.05 mm vs. 9.26±2.16 mm; p=0.001) and lower diameter (3.83±1.12 mm vs. 2.62±0.89 mm; p=0.001). Females had a slightly larger upper diameter (2.72±1.13 mm vs. 2.44±0.84 mm; p=0.027). The distribution of canal shapes showed no significant association with sex (χ²=0.75, p=0.861). Conclusion: NPC linear dimensions, particularly length and lower diameter, are sexually dimorphic and serve as reliable metrics for sex determination, whereas canal shape does not. The NPC is a valuable adjunctive tool in forensic profiling when traditional methods are not feasible.

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