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Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 9(1-2):p 21-25, January - June 2023. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.91-223.3
Review Article
Management of Angina Pectoris
Simrat Kaur, Krishna Gopal, S.P Subashini, Devendra Kumar
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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 9(1-2):p 21-25, January - June 2023. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.91-223.3
How Cite This Article:
Krishna Gopal, Simrat Kaur, S.P Subashini, et al./Management of Angina Pectoris/J Cardiovasc Med Surg.2023;9(1-2): 21-25.Timeline
Received : March 16, 2023
Accepted : April 15, 2023
Published : June 30, 2023
Abstract
Angina pectoris is defined as substernal chest pain, pressure, or discomfort that is typically exacerbated by exertion and/or emotional stress, lasts greater than 30 to 60 seconds, and is relieved by rest and nitroglycerin. There are approximately 10 million people in the United States who have angina, and there are over 500000 cases diagnosed per year. Several studies now show that angina itself is a predictor of major adverse cardiac events. In addition, angina is a serious morbidity that impedes quality of life and should be treated. In the United States, pharmacologic therapy for angina includes β-blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and the late sodium current blocker ranolazine. In other countries, additional pharmacologic agents include trimetazidine, ivabradine, nicorandil, fasudil, and others. Revascularization is indicated in certain high-risk individuals and also has been shown to improve angina.
References
- 1. h t t p s : / / w w w . m a y o c l i n i c . o r g / d i s e a s e s -conditions/angina/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369378
- 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angina
- 3. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/w/what-is-anginapectoris.html
- 4. h t t p s : / / j o u r n a l s . s a g e p u b . c o m / d o i /full/10.1177/1074248416679733
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
No conflicts of interest in this work.
About this article
Cite this article
Krishna Gopal, Simrat Kaur, S.P Subashini, et al./Management of Angina Pectoris/J Cardiovasc Med Surg.2023;9(1-2): 21-25.
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| March 16, 2023 | April 15, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.91-223.3
Keywords
AnginaVariantAtherosclerosisObesityStressElectrocardiogramSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | March 16, 2023 |
| Accepted | April 15, 2023 |
| Published | June 30, 2023 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
