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Hyperpara Thyroidism and its Management

S.P. Subashini, Pooja Jain

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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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RFP Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences 8(1):p 9-12, January-June 2023. | DOI: N/A

How Cite This Article:

Kaur S, Subashini SP, Jain P. Hyperparathyroidism and its management. RFP J ENT Allied Sci. 2023;8(1):9–12.

Timeline

Received : April 24, 2023         Accepted : May 25, 2023          Published : June 30, 2023

Abstract

Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately normal or elevated blood calcium leaving the bones and flowing into the blood stream in response to increased production of parathyroid hormone. In healthy people, when blood calcium levels are high, parathyroid hormone levels should be low. With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, the most common symptom is kidney stones. Other symptoms may include bone pain, weakness, depression, confusion, and increased urination. Both primary and secondary may result in osteoporosis (weakening of the bones). In 80% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a single benign tumor known as a parathyroid adenoma. Most of the remainder are due to several of these adenomas. Very rarely it may be due to parathyroid cancer. Secondary hyperparathyroidism typically occurs due to vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or other causes of low blood calcium. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is made by finding elevated calcium and PTH in the blood.

References

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  • 2.   h t t p s : / / w w w . h y p e r p a r a t h y r o i d m d . c o m / hyperparathyroidism/
  • 3.   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparathy roidism
  • 4.   https://www.endocrineweb.com / conditions / hyperparathyroidism / hyperparathyroidism

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This research received no funding

Author Contributions

All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication

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This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval

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No conflicts of interest in this work.

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Cite this article

Kaur S, Subashini SP, Jain P. Hyperparathyroidism and its management. RFP J ENT Allied Sci. 2023;8(1):9–12.

Licence:

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator

Received Accepted Published
April 24, 2023 May 25, 2023 June 30, 2023
DOI: N/A

Keywords

Vitamin DOsteoporosisParathoromoneRenal Rickets

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Timeline

Received April 24, 2023
Accepted May 25, 2023
Published June 30, 2023

licence

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator


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