Abstract

Rabies remains a critical public health concern, particularly in India where it accounts for a significant proportion of global deaths. This review explores the emergence of rabies in Kerala, India, examining its epidemiology, transmission dynamics, preventive measures, and recent public health responses. Kerala has experienced a disturbing rise in rabies cases over the past five years, despite the availability of effective vaccines and immunoglobulins. The article highlights epidemiological trends, diagnostic methods, post-and pre-exposure prophylaxis, and the challenges identified in the global WOAH 2024 report. Emphasis is placed on Kerala’s Integrated Bite Case Management (IBCM) strategy, intersectoral collaboration, and One Health approaches. It concludes by reiterating the importance of achieving the “Zero by 30” strategy to eliminate dog-mediated rabies by 2030. Key Messages: Rabies remains entirely preventable through timely vaccination, awareness, and intersectoral cooperation. Achieving the “Zero by 30” global target requires strengthening surveillance, ensuring vaccine accessibility, and implementing One Health strategies effectively.

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