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Declining Trends in the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Antenatal Women; Role of Vaccination

Divya A., Post Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi, Karnataka 580022, India. , Pramod N. Sambrani* , Divya A.** , Asha B. Patil*** , Shobha Medegar K.R.**** , Harshika Y.K.****

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Journal of Microbiology and Related Research 3(2):p 75-78, Jul-Dec 2017. | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jmrr.2395.6623.3217.4

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Abstract

Context: Hepatitis B Virus infection is one of a serious public health problem worldwide and it is 50±100 times more contagious than HIV. Many of the carriers do not realize that they are infected with the virus rendering the HBV to be known as a “silent killer”. The transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is parenteral, sexual and perinatal. Prevention of vertical transmission of HBV is extremely important, because HBV infection in early life usually results in a chronic carrier state. Aim: To study the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive among pregnant women referred to Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences during the study period. Materials and Methods: The study is a prospective study conducted by collecting blood samples from 3223 antenatal women with age ranging from 21-30 years, attending the department of Microbiology during the study period. Screening of HBs Ag was done by rapid immunochromatographic method. Results: Out of 3223 antenatal women screened 48 were positive accounting for 1.49%. In the age group of 21-25 years 34 (1.45%), 26-30 years 13 (1.92%) and 31-35 years one (0.5%) antenatal women were positive The highest prevalence was observed in the age group 26- 30 years (1.92%). Conclusion: HBV during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of maternal complications, has a high rate of vertical transmission. The study suggests expansion of the Hepatitis B vaccination program to reduce the risk of HBV among pregnant women.

Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus; Antenatal Women; HBsAg; Universal Immunisation Programme. 

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jmrr.2395.6623.3217.4

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