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Craniofacial Applications of Botulinum toxin: An Update

Akhilanand Chaurasia* , Akhilanand Chaurasia* , Vipul Kumar Sharma**

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Indian Journal of Dental Education 9(1):p 21-26, Jan-Mar 2016. | DOI: DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.9116.4

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Abstract

 Various human gene products produced by genetically engineered microorganisms such as insulin, growth hormone, interferons and regulatory peptides are being used therapeutically in humans. Nowadays neuroparalytic toxin of Clostridium botulinum has become an unlikely addition to the range of therapeutic microbial products. Botulinum toxin (BT) has been shown to be useful for the treatment of many clinical conditions. It is a combination of proteins one of which is a botulinum neurotoxin and rest is auxiliary proteins like hemagglutinins (HA) and a nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin (NTNH). When BT is injected into a target tissue, the heavy chain of the botulinum neurotoxin selectively binds to glycoprotein structures specifically found on cholinergic nerve terminals. In cytosol, the light chain binds with high specificity to the SNARE protein complex. The toxin is injected through a monopolar hollow-bore, teflon coated electromyographic needle connected to an EMG amplifier. Purpose of this article is to present an overview of Botulinum toxin(BT) and its clinical implications in craniofacial region.

Keywords: Human Gene Products; Botulinum Toxin; Therapeutic Uses of Botox.

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DOI: DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.9116.4

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