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An Explorative Literature Review on Conservative Treatment of Myopia: A Current Perspective

Vencita Priyanka Aranha* , Rahul Pandey* , Vencita Priyanka Aranha* , Asir John Samuel** , Senthil P. Kumar***

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Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2(2):p 95-105, Jul-Dec 2015. | DOI: DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.2215.6

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Abstract

This is a review of the current literature describing the effect of atropine, bifocals, contact lenses and exercise therapy on retarding the development of short sightedness. Accruing evidence from a number of studies have determined atropine instilled once a day in myopic eyes resulted in a 90% average reduction of myopia progression, as compared to untreated eyes. Bifocals and progressive lenses, which have been used for years to slow the development of short sightedness, have currently been shown to generate, on average, only small, clinically irrelevant treatment effects. Still, their capability is raised in children who are esophoric and have a large lag of accommodation, decreasing short sightedness development to between 0.25 and 0.40 D/year. Classical adjust soft and gas permeable contact lenses, as well as innovative spectacle lens designs, have not been shown to be effective in decreasing myopic development. Under-correction of the refractive error has been shown not only to be inefficient in slowing myopia, but has also been associated with raised rate of myopia development. Orthokeratology, using reverse geometry designed lenses, has been shown to be moderately effective in decreasing the development of short sightedness by between 30 to 50% in a number of short-term, well-controlled studies, decreasing short sightedness development to between -0.25 and -0.35 D/year. Exercise therapies, Yoga reduce the development of myopia and improve the visual health. It reduces the myopia progression to -0.25 to -0.50 D/Year. After following review we concluded that there is extra need of clinical trials to see the effectiveness of eye exercises on myopia. 

Keywords:  Atropine;  Contact Lenses; Exercise Therapy; Myopia; Orthokeratology;  Spectacles; Under correction; Yoga. 

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DOI: DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.2215.6

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