Abstract

Background: Neurorehabilitation plays a pivotal role in improving functional outcomes for individuals with neurological impairments. Physiotherapy, encompassing both active and passive approaches, is a cornerstone of neurorehabilitation. Understanding the efficacy and applications of these modalities is crucial for optimizing patient recovery. Aim: This narrative review aims to explore the efficacy and clinical applications of active and passive physiotherapy techniques in the rehabilitation of patients with neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Objective: To analyze and synthesize current literature on the outcomes, benefits, and limitations of active and passive physiotherapy techniques, discussing their integration into clinical practice for enhanced rehabilitation outcomes. Methods and Materials: A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating active and passive physiotherapy interventions in neurorehabilitation. Relevant articles were sourced from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The review included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews that examined the effects of these physiotherapy approaches on functional recovery, neuroplasticity, spasticity management, and patient independence. Results: Active physiotherapy, characterized by patient-driven movements, was found to promote strength, motor control, and functional independence by enhancing neuroplasticity. Passive physiotherapy, which involves external assistance, was beneficial in preventing joint contractures, reducing spasticity, and maintaining range of motion. Evidence suggests that a combination of both approaches leads to better rehabilitation outcomes, accelerating recovery and improving overall quality of life. Conclusion: Both active and passive physiotherapy techniques hold distinct yet complementary roles in neurorehabilitation. Active physiotherapy fosters neuroplasticity and functional recovery, while passive interventions provide essential support for maintaining mobility and reducing secondary complications. A tailored, patient-specific approach integrating both modalities enhances rehabilitation efficacy. Future research should focus on exploring the long-term effects of combined therapies on neuroplasticity and patient quality of life.

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