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A Study of the Clinical Spectrum of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Sakthi Velayutham S., Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600001, India , Kalpana R.1 , Sakthi Velayutham S.2

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International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery 10(3):p 184-190, Jul-Sep 2018. | DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijnns.0975.0223.10318.7

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Abstract

  Aim: To study the etiological, clinical and radiological profile of patients diagnosed to have PRES Methodology: A descriptive study done by analyzing the medical records of patients diagnosed to having PRES this study was done in a tertiary care medical college hospital between jan 2012 to jan 2014 over a period of 2 years. The study population was the patients who were admitted with the clinical features of suggestive of PRES. The clinical data, etiological and radiological features of these patients were collected for the study purpose. Results: There is a varied etiology of PRES ranging from the commonest Pregnancy related PRES to the rare causes such as SLE, porphyria, OPC poisoning and a case of PRES following a blunt injury abdomen. Females in the age group 20 – 40 were commonly affected. Head ache and seizures were the commonest clinical presentation of PRES. Documented hypertension was noted on 50% of the patients in our study. Vasogenic odema involving both the occipital and parietal lobe was the commonest radiological presentation. All the symptoms and signs were completely reversible following prompt and appropriate treatment. Conclusion: The commonest cause of PRES is PIH. The other causes include any clinical condition causing an abrupt raise in BP or drugs causing endothelial damage. High index of suspicion to PRES is essential for the early diagnosis. It is a reversible condition if diagnosed and treated early. 

Keywords: PRES; Pregnancy Induced Hypertension [PIH]; Varied Etiology; Vasogenic Edema; Headache; Seizures; Papilloedema; Early Diagnosis; Reversible.

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DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijnns.0975.0223.10318.7

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