Urology, Nephrology and Andrology International

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, is a prevalent and often recurrent condition affecting a significant portion of the global population. Characterized by the formation of calculi within the urinary tract, it presents with symptoms ranging from debilitating pain and hematuria to potential complications such as infection, obstruction, and renal damage. Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, with nursing care playing a pivotal and indispensable role throughout the patient’s journey from acute presentation to long-term prevention. This article outlines a comprehensive framework for nursing care in urolithiasis, encompassing systematic assessment, targeted interventions for pain and complication management, meticulous patient education, and strategic discharge planning, all aimed at optimizing patient outcomes, promoting self-management, and enhancing overall quality of life.

Introduction: The COVID 19 global pandemic has severely affected the education system in various universities and institutions. Teaching methods prior to pandemic were mainly conducted by face to face in classrooms but teaching methods greatly changed with rapid adoption of online methods of teaching when the restrictions were placed for COVID-19 control. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted with an aim to compare the perception and performance of medical students regarding offline and Online methods of education at MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala. The study was conducted among first year MBBS students (Number of students included in the study 150) by dividing them into 2 groups (groups 1 and 2). The groups received 3 classes each by online and offline methods as per departmental timetable. The groups were crossed from online to offline and offline to online modes in second cycle. The performance of students was assessed by MCQs based examination and perception was assessed by 12-point Likert chart. Results: Students scored higher marks after online than offline teaching. The online methods of teaching are more convenient, interesting, satisfying, untiring, motivating, cost effective, more understanding and retention capacity than offline mode of teaching but are time-consuming, and prone to distractions. Conclusions: The study shows that online teaching methods are an effective and reliable tool for medical education in addition to traditional offline methods. The students had scored higher the percentage of marks in examinations as well as majority of them expressed overall satisfaction, and orientation to online teaching methods of education. Further studies are needed for its integration into medical education.

Lower Urinary Tract Infection (LUTI), primarily affecting the bladder (cystitis) and urethra (urethritis), represents one of the most common bacterial infections encountered globally. Characterized by symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain, lutis disproportionately affect women due to anatomical factors, though men, children, and individuals with underlying urological conditions can also be afflicted. Escherichia coli remains the predominant causative agent, although other uropathogens and increasingly, antimicrobialresistance, pose significant challenges to effective management. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical symptoms, urinalysis, and urine culture. This article provides a comprehensive review of lutis, covering their epidemiology, pathophysiology, common etiologies, diagnostic approaches, and current therapeutic strategies,while also addressing the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance and future directions in research and management.