Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Introduction: The effects of air pollution include breathing and respiratory problems, aggravation of existing disease and alterations in the body defense systems against foreign materials. Peak flow readings are higher when we are well, and lower when the airways are constricted. From changes in recorded values, we may determine lung functionality, severity of asthma symptoms, and treatment options. The was aimed to establish normal values of PEFR in people, to find out the correlation of pollution parameters with PEFR. Methodology: 100 subjects (50 from Delhi and 50 from Jaipur) were involved in the research, after having detailed history of occupation and pulmonary diseases to exclude the subjects having any threat of pulmonary restriction. BMI was calculated. Command was given subject to expire in the peak flow meter fast and hard as he/she can. 3 PEFR values were taken and maximum value were noted. Results: PEFR value is highly significant and comparable and other factors are not significant as all other factors of both the cities were same. Conclusion: PEFR Delhi is less than PEFR Jaipur. It can be said that it because of the increased air pollution in new Delhi as compared to the Jaipur.

Keywords: PEFR-peak expiratory flow meter; pollution; BMI

This experimental study design investigated the effect of Mulligan taping on patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis who were treated with Mulligan mobilization and conventional therapy (Ultrasound therapy and Stretching). A total of 40 patients aged between 25 to 55yrs were randomly assigned in two groups. Group A - Experimental group n=20 receiving Mulligan taping, Mulligan mobilization and conventional therapy & Group B - Control group n= 20 receiving Mulligan mobilization and conventional therapy alone) Both the groups received 10 treatment sessions for two weeks. Baseline measurements of 3 outcome measures NPRS (Numerical pain rating scale), Grip strength and functional activity were taken on day 1,5 and 10. Intra group analysis showed that both the groups had statistically significant improvement in NPRS score, Grip strength and functional performance, but inter group analysis showed group A receiving Mulligan taping had statistically significant improvement in all three outcome measures as compared to Group B. Study concludes that Mulligan taping when given in addition with Mulligan mobilization & conventional therapy gives more significant improvement in pain, grip strength and functional status in patients with lateral epicondylitis as compared to, when treated with Mulligan mobilization and conventional therapy alone.

Keywords: Lateral epicondylitis, Mulligan Mobilization with Movement, Mulligan taping, Conventional therapy, Grip strength, Numerical pain rating score, Functional pain status score.

Objectives: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a degenerative syndrome of the plantar fascia resulting from repeated trauma at its origin on the calcaneus.5 PF is reported to be the most common cause of inferior heel pain in adults.6 Overload causes micro-tears at the fascia-bone interface of the calcaneus or within the substance of the plantar fascia alone. The central band of the plantar fascia is primarily affected where a hyper cellular, inflammatory response occurs within the fibres of the fascia, leading to degenerative changes. The site of abnormality is typically near the site of origin of the plantar fascia at the medial tube rosity of the calcaneus. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of plantar fascia and Tendo Achilles stretch in chronic plantar fasciitis patients. Methods : A sample of 30 subjects, age between 25-35 years, both male and females, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria, from SSSMC and and Dr. K.K.B.M. Subharti Hospital, Dehradun and OPD of Physiotherapy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Greater Noida were included in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The subjects were assessed and there Pre VAS and S.D. was recorded (during first few steps in morning) and then Group – A was treated with plantar fascia stretching and the calf massage and Group- B was treated with Tendo Achilles stretching and the calf massage. After 8 weeks Post VAS and S.D. was again recorded and compared. Results: The data of Pre VAS Score, Post VAS Score and S.D. for both Group (A and B), was recorded on the base of pain on first walking in the morning on day 1st and after 8th week. The detailed statistical analysis shows the improvement in both the Groups A and B. The overall more improvement was found in the Group- A in which planter fascia stretching with calf muscle massage was delivered to the patients. Which shows the significant improvement in chronic plantar fasciitis subjects. The mean scores of Pre VAS and S.D. and Post VAS and S.D. of Group - A, was 5.46 ± 1.02 and 0.93 ± 0.57 and the mean scores of Pre VAS and S.D. and Post VAS and S.D. of Group - B, was 5.27 ± 0.99 and 1.86 ± 0.71 on day 1st and after at 8th week respectively. The paired “t” test was applied to test the significant difference between day 1st and after at 8th week. A significant P - Value of <.001* was found in both the Groups A and B when the comparison was done with the mean score of pre VAS and S.D. and post VAS and S.D. on after at 8th week. Which shows the significant improvement in pain in both the groups but improvement in pain was more in Group-A than the Group-B to whom the tissue specific stretching of Planter fascia was given with the calf massage in Chronic Planter Fasciitis subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study indicates that there is significant improvement in the VAS score of the Group –A and B. But the results of the Group A was more effective than the group B to whom the tissue specific stretching of planter fascia was given with the calf massage.

Keywords: Plantar fascia; Plantar fasciitis; Tendo Achilles stretch; Plantar Fascia stretch; Plantar Fascia Massage; VAS; Windlass mechanism

Background: Stress is basically defined as any alteration in homeostasis due to any physical, mental or emotional factor. Back pain is defined as any ache or discomfort occurring at or in and around the areas of spine. Similar to stress, the etiology behind back pain is different in different individuals. The non-specific type of back pain may develop suddenly after lifting some heavy objects, any abnormal body posture if adapted, prolong sitting hours etc. In today’s time, with the growing population, the competition is growing as well. The stress that these students are having is very high.This makes a person more prone or susceptible towards any musculoskeletal disorder including non-specific back pain. Over time, acute onset of back pain may turn into chronic back pain. Methods: Total 100 subjects were included in the study. Age was limited from 16-20 years of age taking coaching classes. The study was conducted on students living in PG accommodation in Vikas Puri, New Delhi. The stress levels were measured using perceived stress scale. The non-specific back pain (NSBP) levels were measured using Oswestry disability index. Result: In this study, correlation was found between the stress and NSBP in high school students. Out of total 100 students, 15 students had minimal stress levels, 55 students had moderate levels of stress while 30 students were having high levels of stress. Out of 100 subjects, 39 students were having minimal pain. 45 students showed moderate level of pain and 16 students were having high pain levels. Correlation between stress and NSBP came out to be 0.41, which showed that psychological factors like stress are responsible for any musculoskeletal disorder like NSBP. Through the results the conclusion can be made that psychological factors like stress have a relation with certain musculoskeletal disorders like NSBP. Since the coaching students have lots of stress due to the rising competition and getting into good college, they end up risking their own health. Due to prolong siting hours, studying in awkward postures makes a person more susceptible to any musculoskeletal disorders.

Keywords: Non Specific Back Pain; Corelation; High School Students