Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

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Neck pain is the second common musculoskeletal complaint for a visit to a physical therapist, with huge impact on physical performance, work-related function and quality of life especially in the productive age group. Globally the healthcare burden, impact and costs for mechanical neck pain is due to specific and non-specific etiologies and high incidence of recurrence and surgery due to inadequate diagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic strategies.1

Keywords: Laser Therapy; Musculoskeletal; Neck pain.

Background and Introduction: Stroke is one of the common wellbeing problems that are handicapping. The consequences can be viewed as massive disturbance in information, processing, causing and conduct issues. Despite the fact that Ankle Foot Orthosis should effectively work in regaining functional ability and provide base of support which helps in improving the efficiency of walking, there are very few studies analyzing the effect of AFO. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of AFO on locomotion and balance in stroke patients. Subjects and Methods: In the current experimental study 30 patients were divided into two groups 1) Experimental group (with AFO), 2) Control group (without AFO). Both the groups were provided with lower limb strengthening exercises, treadmill training, spasticity reducing exercises, reaching in standing and sitting, balance and locomotion training, stair ascent and descent. Results: In both groups the mode of Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) is 2. For Group A,Berg Balance Scale (BBS) the mean is 26.00 ± 3.047. For Group B, is 28.27 ± 4.431. The range of BBS in both groups is 23–37. In 6 mt walk test the meanfor Group A, is 17.20 ± 2.178. For Group B the mean is 18.27 ± 1.792. The post result values of BBS Group A, mean is 30.60 ± 3.661. The correlation is 0.935. For Group B, mean is 31.93 ± 4.877. The correlation is 0.983. For 6 mt walk test the post values for Group A, mean is 14.07 ± 1.710 and the correlation is 0.859. For Group B the post values of 6mt walk test mean is 15.87 ± 2.031, the correlation is 0.953. Conclusion: AFO group has shown the significant results and patients have improved the functional ability as per the results shown in the outcome measures.

Keywords: Ankle Foot Orthosis Functional Ambulation Category; Berg Balance Scale; Stroke; Balance; Locomotion.

Objectives: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) refers the injury to the cord resulting in impairment of Neuro-muscular function below the level of lesion; motor, sensory, bladder and bowel functions are affected and the functional independence depends primarily on the level and completeness of injury, trunk length and sitting balance in complete paraplegics: a correlational study. Methods: A sample of 30 subjects (26 males & 4 females) from SSSMC and jai physiotherapy and dental clinic, Meerut, were included in the study. The subjects were measured for their trunk length and then asked to perform the task of sitting functional reach (both forward and lateral). The reach values (cm) and the trunk length (cm) of the subjects were documented. Results: The data revealed the mean scores of forward reach values of 14.87, lateral reach values of 11.90, trunk length with a mean values of 62.6 cm. A nonsignificant negative correlation with r value of – 0.145 (NS) was found when values of forward reach of the sample were compared with the trunk length in group 1. A significant negative correlation with r value of – 0.561* & - 0.899* was found when values of forward reach of the sample were compared with the trunk length in group 2 & group 3. A significant negative correlation with r value of – 0.561* & - 0.72* was found when values of lateral reach of the sample were compared with the trunk length in group 1 & group 2. A non-significant negative correlation with r value of –0.901* was found when values of lateral reach of the sample were compared with the trunk length in group 3. Conclusions: The results of this study indicates that there exists a significant negative correlation between Trunk length and Sitting Balance in Complete Paraplegics.

Keywords: Complete Paraplegics, trunk length

Introduction and Background: Smartphone is one of the dynamic trends in communication, in which one’s mobile phone can be used for communication through email, exploring internet & using certain apps. In recent years, the usage of mobile phones has increased so much in young adults (mainly students). Many users of smart phone look sharply downwards & hold their arms in front of them to read the screens which make their head move forward & cause excessive anterior curve in the lower cervical vertebrae and excessive posterior curve in the upper thoracic vertebrae to maintain the balance which put lots of stress on the cervical spine and the neck muscles. Forward head posture is most commonly seen poor posture in sagittal plane. There is increasing incidence of the musculoskeletal problems of neck around the world due to excessive use of mobile phone and electronic devices. Method: Total 100 healthy students (both male and females) who use smart phones were selected by convenience sampling method from Amity university, noida, with age group of 18–25 years. General assessment of the students was performed to shortlist the students meeting the inclusion criteria, all the students who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in this study. A written informed consent was provided to each student prior to the study. They were asked to fill a smart phone addiction scale (SAS), neck disability index (NDI) and posture of neck was measured using ruler method. Karl pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to correlate between the SAS and NDI and SAS and TWDn-TWDc. Results: The karl pearson’s coefficient of correlation showed a significant correlation between SAS and NDI (r=0.68, p<0.05) but no correlation between SAS and forward head posture (-0.13, p>0.05). Conclusion: The study suggested that there is a significant relation between smart phone usage and neck pain but no significant relation between smart phone usage and forward head posture. But forward head posture can develop later as degenerative process must have started which is leading to pain in the neck.

Keywords: Smart phone addiction; Neck pain; Forward head posture; Musculoskeletal disorders.

 A total of 24 patients meeting the internal and external criteria were taken for the study. Mean values of their age was 38.20 ± years. And assigned into two groups, A & B, each group consisting 12 patients. In experimental study. Both groups received regular physiotherapy treatment throughout the study period other than Dynamic slow reversal PNF treadmill training. Group B (Experimental group) were treated with Dynamic slow reversal PNF technique in addition to regular physiotherapy program which they were undergoing on regular basis technique and whereas Group A (Control group) patients were treated with treadmill training in addition to regular physiotherapy program which they were undergoing on regular basis. Treadmill training consisted of supervised aerobic exercise delivered three sessions each week for 4 weeks. The mean MFIS scores was 25.75 for the Experimental Group (p<0.05) and 31.25 for the Control Group (p < 0.05). The mean BBS scores was 41.50 for the Experimental Group (p<0.05) and 34.25 for Control Group (p < 0.05). The results of this experimental study reveal that participants in the PNF group who participated in 4 week program showed significant improvements in basic mobility, balance and reducing fatigue post treatment.

Keywords: Dynamic slow reversal PNF technique; MFIS scores; BBS scores.