Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction with breathing-related symptoms such as chronic cough, exertion dyspnoea, expectoration, and wheeze [1]. The Buteyko concept is a system of breathing exercises originally devised in the 1950s by Professor Konstantin Buteyko, a Russian physician and academic personality [2]. Aim of The Study: To compare the better Effectiveness of Buteyko Breathing Technique and Pursed Lip Breathing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Methodology: Fifty (50) subjects clinically diagnosed of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The subjects divided randomly into two groups; Group A (25) and Group B (25). Group A receivedButeyko Berthing Technique (BBT) and Group B received Pursed Lip Breathing (PLB) and done for 4 weeks. Discussion: The Buteyko method is a purported method of "retraining" the body's breathing pattern to correct for the presumed chronic hyperventilation and hypocapnea, and thereby treat or cure the body of these medical problems. Buteyko has been found to be effective in management of Asthma [10]. In our study daily Buteyko breathing exercise session of 30 to 35 minutes was given to patients. Progression of the exercise was made as per the exercise manual of Buteyko Institute of Breathing & Health. Conclusion: In the present study both of the techniques are effective but the Buteyko breathing technique found more effective than pursed lip breathingfor 4 weeks. There was significant improvement in Pulmonary Function Test in patients with COPD.

Keywords: Buteyko breathing technique, Pursed lip breathing, FEV1, FVC, Spiro meter (koko peak pro 6), Stop watch and Tissue paper.

Introduction: Planter Fasciitis is an annoying and painful condition that limits function. There is pain and tenderness in the sole of the foot, mostly under the heel, with standing or walking [1]. Plantar fasciitis is classified as a syndrome that results from repeated trauma to the plantar fascia at its origin on the calcaneus. It is a common foot disorder affecting more than 2 million individuals in the United States annually [2,3]. Myofascial release (MFR) is a system of therapy that combines principles and practice from soft tissue technique, MET and inherent force cranio-sacral technique. It includes a highly subjective transfer of energy from the therapist to the patient [11]. Stretching is a general term used to describe any therapeutic maneuver designed to increase the extensibility of soft tissues, thereby improving flexibility by elongating (lengthening) structures that have adaptively shortened and have become hypo mobile over time [13]. Aim and Objective: To compare the effects of MFR and Stretching exercise on plantar fasciitis. Methodology: After assigning into 2 groups Group A - Subjects were received for MFR therapy and exercises for plantar fascia. 10 second MFR technique applied by knuckle on sole. The intervention was followed for 2 times / week for 4 weeks. And Group B - Subject receives static stretching and exercises of the plantar fascia, hold for 30 seconds with 5 repetition. This intervention was followed 3 sets for 30 seconds per session and 1 session per week i.e., 4 sessions 4 weeks. Discussion: The results were showed that both group A, and group B were effective in the treatment of plantar fasciitis but after comparison group A shown better results than group B. William P. Hanten September 1994. et al. Myofascial release techniques are claimed to cause vasomotor response, increase blood flow to affected areas, increase lymphatic drainage of toxic metabolites, realign fascia 1 planes, influence the proprioception of affected soft tissue, alleviate musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction and restore functional ROM in areas of painful restriction [12]. Kuhar et al. showed a significant result that the myofascial release is an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of plantar fasciitis [16]. Conclusion: The present study concluded that Myofascial release (MFR) is better than Stretching exercises in 4 weeks intervention patients with plantar fasciitis.

Keywords: Myofascial release (MFR), Stretching exercises, Foot function index & Visual analogue scale.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways to noxious particles or gases. Exacerbations and co morbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients [1]. In India, according to National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health background paper by Murthy et al., the annual treatment costs for COPD had been estimated to be greater than Rs. 35,000 crores in 2011 and Rs. 48,000 crores in 2016 [3]. COPD produces obstruction to the airflow which affects both the mechanical function and gas exchange of the lung. Respiratory muscles must work harder to overcome this resistance and therefore it leads to weakness of the respiratorymuscles. Drug therapy is the main treatment in patients with COPD which includes bronchodilators, mucolytics, appropriate antibiotics and corticosteroids. Following drug therapy, physical rehabilitation is the only management which reduce dyspnea [4]. Resistive Inspiratory Devices are hand-held devices of varying diameter. The resistance is increased by decreasing the diameter of the devices and resistance is decreased by increasing the diameter of the devices airway [7]. Aims and Objectives of the Study: To compare the effectiveness of Incentive Spirometer and Inspiratory muscles trainer on ventilatory muscle strength on patients with COPD. Methods: Thirty subject male or female with COPD aged between 40-80 years were selected according to convenience (purposive) sampling based on the selection criteria. Subjects were are randomly assigned into two group of 15 subjects each namely experimental Group A and control Group B. Group A was treated with Inspiratory muscles trainer and Group B with Incentive spirometer for a duration of 4 weeks. Discussion: In this study, efforts were made to compare the effects of Incentive Spirometer and Inspiratory muscles trainer devices as a treatment for improving ventilatory muscle strength in patients with mild to severe dyspnea in COPD. The study was done on randomized 30 COPD patients with mild to moderate dyspnea diagnosed by physician. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups consisting of 15 subjects each. Group A was treated with Inspiratory muscles trainer and Group B with Incentive spirometer for a duration of 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that the patients treated with both the intervention were highly significant in improving ventilatory muscle strength and hence decreasing the exertional dyspnea. However statistically there was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study provided evidence to support the use of Incentive Spirometer and Resistive Inspiratory Devices to improve ventilatory muscle strength in patients with mild to severe dyspnea in COPD. In conclusion, both the treatment programs are inspiratory muscles trainer is more effective the incentive spirometer in improving Inspiratory Capacity and reducing dyspnea which could be due to improvement in ventilatory muscle strength. How to cite this article: Jaya Negi, Niraj Kumar and Nishu Sharma et al. To Compare the Effectiveness of Incentive Spirometer and Inspiratory Muscles Trainer in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal. 2019;12(2):85-94

Keywords:Data collectionsheet; Wrist watch;Timer; Incentive Spirometry withaccessories;Threshold inspiratory muscle training device (Philips Company); Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC); Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI)

Background: The ability of an individual to move smoothly depends on his flexibility, an attribute that enhances both safety and optimal physical activities. The hamstrings are example of muscle groups that have a tendency to shorten. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of superficial and deep heating modalities in the management of hamstring flexibility among football players Methods: A total of 60 football players, aged 18-26 years were recruited by the simple random sampling to participate in this two group pretest-posttest, single blinded randomized clinical study. Recruited football players were randomly allocated into two groups, group A and group B. Group A received superficial heating for 20 minutes on hamstring muscles by hydrocollator packs (moist heat packs). While in group B received deep heating for hamstring muscles through the short wave diathermy for 20 minutes. Then both the groups received static stretching for 30 seconds duration x 5 repetition/session x 2 days. Difference in range of motion (ROM) in knee extension from 90-90 position, pre-post intervention were used for analysis. Results: Both group A and Group B demonstrated significance difference (p<0.05) in ROM. Conclusion: Two session of static stretching after the application of superficial and deep heating modalities to hamstring muscles have no difference in flexibility among the elite football players.

Keywords: Diathermy; Football; Hamstring Muscles; Heating; Pliability; Soccer

In this article we study the effect of heavy backpack on middle school children. This topic is of great concern among educational professionals and clinicals to investigate the health problems faced by school children. On the daily basis, school students spend a significant amount of time carrying stuffed and heavy backpack. Aim of this study was to find out the effect of heavy backpack on cardiovascular parameters in middle school children. We have assessed 100 middle school students (11-14 years old). Children were divided into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) in the following categories like underweight (UG) and healthy weight (HG) BMI. A six- minute walk test (6MWT) was performed by the children in two ways with and without backpack and cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and pulse rate) were measured before and after the 6MWT. Backpack loads were assigned according to the individual body weight. There was no significant effect seen on the pulse rate (PR) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Backpack carriage have a significant effect on the systolic blood pressure (SBP). We noted that the systolic blood pressure increases more in heathy weight children than in underweight children with heavy backpack. Our findings highlight that cardiovascular parameter (such as systolic blood pressure) is affected by carrying loads in the backpacks.

Keywords: Six- minute walk test, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Pulse rate, Backpack, Body mass index