Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Performance in track and field throwing events depends to a large extent, on muscle power production. Combination of plyometric training and weight training are thought to be useful for developing athletic power. Training is an important component for achieving the goal. Both novice and elite throwers spend a large part of time preparing for conventional strength or various forms of power training in order to increase their power and strength, and ultimately aim to improve their throwing performance. However, there is a dearth of evidence of such training programs on shot put throwing performance. Steroid hormones play a key role in modulating the training response of the neuromuscular system. Conclusion: Literature on shot put players is very limited. BOMB may be a useful performance testing tool for throwers in the sports of athletics this review highlights the acute effect of complex training on salivary cortisol level, throwing performance and dynamic balance by measuring on SEBT in shot put elite athlete.

Keywords: Complex training; BOMB; Cortisol level; SEBT.

Neutral zone in spinal stability plays a vital role in core stability .it has been proven that before initiation of any limb activity first transverses abdominis is electrically active and then peripheral concerned musculature acts. Difference in activation and cross-sectional area of trunk muscles have been demonstrated between LBP patients and healthy controls. As part of stabilization exercises bridging is a common exercises. Bridging has many variations and it becomes imperative that exercise which elicits maximum electrical activity may be therapeutically more suitable. . The supine posture with knees and hips bent used during bridging exercise is to most LBP patients a comfortable, pain-free posture. From this position more graded activities can be performed such as lifting the pelvis. In order to create more functional tasks, limb movements can be added. An unstable support surface cause body perturbation, leading to an increase in activity by the trunk muscles in an effort to maintain postural stability. An unstable surface is used during the bridging exercise; the co activation of trunk muscles may be enhanced to reduce body perturbation. Conclusion: Along with limited literature there is conflicting evidence as to the activation of core musculature with different bridging stabilization exercises.

Keywords: EMG; Core muscles; Bridging; Transversus abdominis; Multifdus; Unstable surface.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the immediate effect acelofenac  gel  on pain threshold and range of motion which follows a single treatment of tender points in the upper trapezius muscle. Methods: 30 subjects presenting with upper trapezius muscles spasm, aged 20-30 years old, participated in this study. Subjects underwent a screening process to establish the presence of tender points in upper trapezius muscle. Subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups.

Group A = Acelofenac  gel and ultrasonic gel as coupling medium
Group B =  ultrasonic gel as coupling medium

Visual Analogue Scale and Range of Motion is assessed pre treatment and immediately post treatment.
Result: The p value of VAS (post treatment) and ROM (post treatment) in Group A 0.000. Conclusion:  ultrasound with acelofenac gel was better for immediate pain relive as compared to aqua sonic gel only

Keywords: Tender point; Phonophoresis; Ultrasound; Acelofenac gel.

Introduction: The health risks associated with increasing BMI are continuous and interpretation of BMI grading in relation to risk may differ for different ethnic groups. There is a need for developing different BMI cut-off points for different ethnic groups due to the increasing evidence that the association between BMI, percentage of body fat and body fat distribution differ across populations and therefore, the health risks increases below the cut-off point of 25 kg/m² that defines overweight in the current WHO classification. Objective: To standardize the BMI criterion for the population of Mumbai, BMI variation in different age groups and correlation of BMI variation & co morbidities. Subjects: The study included apparently healthy 1000 individuals, 500 males and 500 females in the age group of 20-70 years. Terminally ill, pregnant females, mentally and physically challenged individuals were excluded. Procedure: The subjects were chosen according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Their medical condition was documented. Sex-specific receiver operating curve was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of BMI cut off. Results: In the age group of 20 – 40 years, 4.3% of the individuals have increased BMI related medical problems whereas in the age group of 41 – 70 years, it is 19.6%. The incidence is significantly high in the people with age 41 and above. The BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 20 – 70 years is 24 kg/m² (specificity = 81.1%, sensitivity =72%). The BMI cut off for the females is 25kg/m² (specificity = 80%, sensitivity = 80% ) and 24kg/m² for the males (specificity = 77.9% ,sensitivity= 73%).The BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 20 – 40 years is 25 kg/m²(specificity = 72.2% ,sensitivity = 76% ). The BMI cut off for the females is 25 kg/m² (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 69.5%) and same for the males (specificity = 61.5%, sensitivity = 82.5%).The BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 41- 70 years is 24 kg/m² (specificity = 82.5%, sensitivity = 76.6%), the BMI cut off for females is 24kg/m²(specificity = 82%, sensitivity = 84.9% ) and same for the males (specificity = 81.3%, sensitivity = 75.3%). Conclusion: For the population of Mumbai, the BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 20 – 70 years is 24 kg/m², 25kg/m² for females and 24kg/m² for males. The BMI cut off varies in different age groups. The BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 20 – 40 years is 25 kg/m² (25 kg/m² for females and 25kg/m² for males). The BMI cut off for both the sexes in the age group of 41- 70 years is 24 kg/m² (24kg/m² for females and 24kg/m² for males). A direct correlation of BMI variation and co morbidities is found.

Keywords: Body mass index; Mumbai population, Obesity.